Dynamic Equillibrum Flashcards
What is meant by dynamic equilibrium?
A state where the forward and backward reactions occur at the same rate and the concentrations of reactants and products remain constant.
How is ammonia manufactured?
Through the Haber process, involving a reversible reaction between nitrogen and hydrogen.
What is a characteristic of reversible reactions?
The products can react to reform the reactants.
What symbol is used in equations for reversible reactions?
A double arrow ‘⇌’ indicates both forward and backward reactions.
What occurs when ammonium chloride is heated?
It decomposes into ammonia and hydrogen chloride.
What is dynamic equilibrium in terms of reactants and products?
The percentages of reactants and products remain unchanged while reactions still occur.
In which type of system does dynamic equilibrium occur?
Closed systems, where there is no loss of reactants or products.
What happens to the forward reaction rate over time?
The forward reaction starts fast and gets slower with time.
What happens to the backward reaction rate over time in a reversible reaction?
The backward reaction gets faster with time.
What is the ‘equilibrium position’ in the Haber process?
The percentages of the products and reactants at equilibrium.
What conditions are chosen in the Haber process to favor ammonia production?
A temperature of 450°C, a pressure of 200 atmospheres, and an iron catalyst.
How does increasing temperature affect the equilibrium position?
It shifts to the endothermic direction.
How does decreasing temperature affect the equilibrium position?
It shifts to the exothermic direction.
What happens to the equilibrium position when concentration is increased?
It shifts in the direction that uses up the added substance.
What effect does increasing pressure have on the equilibrium position?
It shifts in the direction that forms fewer gas molecules.
What is the difference between exothermic and endothermic reactions?
Exothermic reactions release energy, while endothermic reactions absorb energy.
