Dynamic equilibrium Flashcards
What is dynamic equilibrium?
The state of the system in which the rate of the forward reaction is the same as the rate of the backward reaction.
What is the formula for Kc? What does that tell you about the equilibrium?
Kc = [A]^a [B]^b / [C]^c [D]^d
when Kc is greater than 1, the RHS is favoured ( and vice versa)
How does Le Châtelier’s principle affect increase in reactant?
Equilibrium moves to the RHS increasing product
How does Le Châtelier’s principle affect increase in product?
Favours the LHS so increase reactant
How does Le Châtelier’s principle affect increase in product?
How does Le Châtelier’s principle affect increase in temperature?
Favours the endothermic route
How does Le Châtelier’s principle affect decrease in temperature?
Favours the exothermic route
How does Le Châtelier’s principle affect increase in pressure?
Favours side with the least amount oof gaseous molecules
Draw an energy diagram
make sure to include:
A+B
C+D
Arrhenius equation
deltaG
Ea
Draw pKa graphs for acids and bases
Acids: HA on the right, A- on the left
Base: BH+ on the right and B on the left.
List common pKa values
acidic:
carboxylic acid- 5
phenol- 10
alcohol- 15
trifluoroacetic acid- -0.25
benzoic acid- 4.2
acetic acid- 4.8
basic:
amines- 10
N,Me morpholine- 7
N,N-di-me piperazine- 8.5
Primary alcohol
R-CH2OH
Prefix: phenoxy-
Suffix: -ol
Secondary alcohol
(R)2-CHOH
Prefix: phenoxy-
Suffix: -ol
Tertiary alcohol
(R)3-COH
Prefix: phenoxy-
Suffix: -ol
Phenol
Ar-OH
Suffix: -ol
