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Geography > Dynamic Development > Flashcards

Dynamic Development Flashcards

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1
Q

What’s the definition of employment structure?

A

The percentage of people employed in primary, secondary or tertiary industry

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2
Q

What’s the definition of urban population?

A

The percentage of people who live in towns or cities

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3
Q

What’s the definition of access to clean water?

A

The percentage of the population who have access to clean water

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4
Q

What’s the definition of life expectancy?

A

The number of years a person is expected to live

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5
Q

What’s the definition of rural population?

A

The percentage of people who live in the countryside in villages

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6
Q

What’s the definition of birth rate?

A

The number of births per thousand people per year

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7
Q

What’s the definition of infant mortality rates?

A

The number of children who die before their first birthday per thousand of the population

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8
Q

What’s the definition of death rates?

A

The number of deaths per thousand people per year

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9
Q

What’s the definition of natural population growth?

A

The difference between the birth and death rate of a country

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10
Q

What’s the definition of adult literacy rates?

A

The percentage of people who can read and write within a country

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11
Q

What’s the definition of GNP?

A

Gross National Product is the total a country earns through selling it’s products and services

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12
Q

What is social development?

A

(Rising life expectancy, better healthcare and access to education; improved equality for women and minorities) - leading to improved quality of life

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13
Q

What is economic development?

A

(An increase in the number of people working in the secondary and tertiary employment sectors) - leading to rising incomes

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14
Q

What is political development?

A

(Improving political freedom and the right to vote; a free press and freedom of speech) - leading to greater control over who governs you

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15
Q

What is the Brandt Line?

A

A method of locating ACs and LIDCs as it is a line on the world map which splits up the Rich North and the Poor South

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16
Q

What are advantages of the Brandt Line?

A
  • simplifies data so is easy to understand
  • GDP is used which is easy to access the data source from governments, IMF and the UN
  • helps show where the LIDCs are as 26 out of the 30 poorest countries are in Africa
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17
Q

What are the disadvantages of the Brandt Line?

A
  • only uses GDP and not other factors
  • out of date
  • some parts of a country could be richer and more developed than the rest of the country
  • generalises some countries above or below the line
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18
Q

What does HDI stand for?

A

Human Development Index

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19
Q

What does GNI stand for?

A

Gross National Income

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20
Q

What does GDP stand for?

A

Gross Domestic Product

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21
Q

What is the definition of debt?

A

When something, usually money, is owed by one party to a second party

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22
Q

What is absolute poverty?

A

The condition where household income is insufficient to afford the basic necessities of life

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23
Q

What is relative poverty?

A

People who lack the minimum amount of income needed in order to maintain the average standard of living in the society in which they live

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24
Q

Where is Ethiopia located?

A

In the horn of Africa and in Eastern Africa

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25
Q

What is the population of Ethiopia?

A

94 million

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26
Q

True or false?
Ethiopia is the least populous landlocked country in the world.

A

False, Ethiopia is the most populous landlocked country in the world.

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27
Q

How close to the Equator is Ethiopia?

A

Ethiopia is 3 and 15 degrees north of the equator

28
Q

What are 6 of the main influences on Ethiopia’s development?

A

drought, corrupt government, famine, climate, landscape and civil war

29
Q

How do droughts influence Ethiopia’s development?

A

droughts are a constant threat, particularly in the Eastern Lowlands

30
Q

What is the average amount of rainfall in Ethiopia’s Eastern Lowlands?

A

below 300mm

31
Q

How did having a corrupt government influence Ethiopia’s development?

A

In 1974, the Communist Derg government ruled Ethiopia and ruled by fear. They grabbed tracts of land from people leading to refugees and economic decline.

32
Q

How did famine influence Ethiopia’s development?

A

Between 1984-5, Ethiopia suffered severe famine which killed 1 million people in just one year. The country became heavily reliant on food aid from international charities.

33
Q

How does climate influence Ethiopia’s development?

A

Ethiopia has unreliable rainfall and climate change is altering the monsoon and dry seasons. This is affecting how much coffee and cotton can be grown.

34
Q

How does landscape influence Ethiopia’s development?

A

Ethiopia’s landscape is a mixture on mountain highlands (in the West) and dry lowlands (in the East). The lowlands suffer mosquitoes and malaria.

35
Q

How did civil war influence Ethiopia’s development?

A

Ethiopia has suffered significant political unrest including coups and civil wars which have killed millions of people.

36
Q

What are the 5 stages of Rostow’s model?

A
  1. traditional society
  2. preconditions for take off
  3. take off
  4. drive to maturity
  5. age of high mass consumption
37
Q

What is the traditional society stage of rostow’s model?

A

when most people are still in primary sector work, the society is very religious and have a very strong military

38
Q

What is the preconditions of take off stage of rostow’s model?

A

society is run by a monarch, started to build banks and trading roots in order to build income for country and has a technological advance from stage 1

39
Q

Which stage(s) of Rostow’s model are most affected by location and weather

A

stage 1 and 2

40
Q

What is the take off stage of rostow’s model?

A

when there is an increase of secondary workforce and demand for goods

41
Q

What is the drive to maturity stage of rostow’s model?

A

industrialisation and population growth

42
Q

What is the age of high mass consumption stage of rostow’s model?

A

society with predominant tertiary workers and there are high demands for things that used to be luxuries

43
Q

What are the advantages of Rostow’s Model?

A
  • simple to understand
  • a very respected model that most scientists believe in
  • almost all countries have followed this model of development
44
Q

What are the disadvantages of Rostow’s Model?

A
  • it assumes that all countries develop in the same way and experience the same economic growth
  • only considers the country as a whole
  • doesn’t show future predictions for already developed countries
45
Q

How many countries came together to make the MDGs?

A

191 countries

46
Q

What is an advantage of the MDGs?

A

they were easy to understand

47
Q

What is a disadvantage of the MDGs?

A

Rich countries had to help the poor countries and got barely any help themselves

48
Q

How long were the MDGs in place?

A

15 years (from 2000-2015)

49
Q

How many countries came together to make the SDGs?

A

193 countries

50
Q

How many targets were there in the MDGs?

A

8 targets

51
Q

How many goals and targets are there in the SDGs?

A

17 goals and 169 targets

52
Q

How long are the SDGs in place?

A

15 years (from 2015-2030)

53
Q

What is an advantage of the SDGs?

A

Having a lot more specific targets allows countries to complete them easier and has more detail instead of being very broad

54
Q

What is a disadvantage of the SDGs?

A

Some countries may just chose the easier targets that require minimal national adaption

55
Q

When was the military coup in Ethiopia and who funded it?

A

1974, Russia and Cuba funded this

56
Q

How many people dies in Ethiopia’s civil war

A

1.4 million people

57
Q

When was the Red Terror?

A

1977-78

58
Q

How many people were killed and forcibly relocated in the Red Terror?

A

50,000 people were killed, 1.5 people were forcibly relocated

59
Q

When was the big famine in Ethiopia?

A

1984-85

60
Q

How many people were killed in Ethiopia’s famine?

A

over 1 million in a year

61
Q

How much food aid did Ethiopia receive for their 1984-85 famine?

A

$2 billion

62
Q

Has Ethiopia ever recovered since it’s 1984-85 famine?

A

No, Ethiopia has remained food deficient since

63
Q

From 199, who was in charge of Ethiopia and what did they allow?

A

The Federal Democratic Republic were in charge and they allowed free trade

64
Q

What has been rising gradually in Ethiopia since 2001?

A

Agricultural production and the economy

65
Q

What is the Ethiopia’s new Growth and Transformation Plan?

A

a plan to end poverty

66
Q

What has Ethiopia’s new Growth and Transformation Plan done to help?

A

since 2012, new training programmes and investments have enables farmers to learn new skills

Geography (3 decks)

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