Dvt Flashcards
More the cornea power
More myopic axis more the steeper axis more cornea curvature
Spherical equilant
Take spherical power as its
1/2 the cylinder
Then add numerically
Phacoemulsification
Incision 2.75-3.2 mm,clear cornea>limbus
Hydrodessection(water under capsule)contra indicated in
Posterior polar catract
Njcleus drop into vitreous
Teating vision of children
Teller chart prferential acquitybtest
Visual evoked reaponsw
Glare at night
Eching pearl
Post subcapsularcataract
Posterior capsular opacification after cataract sx
Rx laser capsulotomy
High chance for Esophoria
Hypermetrops
Panda sign seen in
B/l periorbital edema with anterior cranial fossa fracture
First visula fiedlf defect in glaucomay
Paracentarak scotoma
ETDRs/Log MAR chart(early treatment of diabetic retinopathy study)
Done frome 4 m
Each line has 5 letters
Better for research /amblyopia
Pelli robson chart
Contrst chart
Farnsworth munsell 100 hue test
Test for colour visoon
Gold standard to see optic disc and macula(central retina)
Slit lamp biomicroscopu
Direct opthalmoscope
Diatnce need 25 cm
Normal —red reflex
Virtual erect image
Magnification+power of eye /4
Oil droplet reflex
Keratoconus
Oil globular refelx
Anterior lenticonus
Indirect opthalmoscopy/fundoscopy
Entire retina
Real inverted image
Magnification=power of eye/power of lens
Emmetropia
All rays fall on a songle point on retina
Far point -infinity
All rays fall behind the retina
Hypermetropia
Far point of myopia
Infront of eye
Diopter into meter
Far point =1/2 m
Eg-2D
1/2 m
100\2 =50 cm
Near vision/accomodation
Ciliary body contarcts
Zonules relaxanterior lens curvature increases
Converging
Who has more accomodation
Hypermeyrope accomodate more—esophoria
Myopes less accomodates—exophoria
Age and accomodation
With increase in age accomodation decreses and near point increases
Known as prebyopia
Hydrodelination
Water inside lens fibres
IOL implantation best position
Posterior chamber
What happens to accomodation after cataract sx
Accomodation is lost
Management of congenital cataract
Lens aspiration+posterior capaulorhexia+anterior vitrectomy+IOL
Leucocoria
Most vommon cause of congenital catract
After sx accomodation is lost
Near glasses are neded
Post cataract ax complication
Shallow ac with high IOp
Pupil block:glaucoma
Iris bomBe
Shallow ac eg
Glaucoma
Aquous misdirection syndrome/maligannat glaucoma
Aupra choroidal hemorrhage
Post catract ax low iop
Wound leak
Aiedek tust positive
Retina fibres
Pappili macular bundle fibres—involved in optic neuropathies
2) radiating fibres—most resistant to glaucoma changes
3) arcuate fibres—bherrum area—most suceptible to glaucoma
Central scotomas
In optic neuropathies
Centro caecal scotoma
In optic neuropathy(tobacco,alcohol)
B/l enlargement of blind spot seen in
Papilledema
Altitudinal defects-one half of viaual field lost
Non arteritic optic neuropathy
Glaucoma
Inferior retinal vein ocllusion
Ring acotoma/tunnel vision
Retinitis pigmentisa Gyrate dystrophy Pan retinal photocoagulation Vigabatrin Quinine
Non specefic bu first change in glaucoma
Isoptre contarction /baring of blind spot
First defect in glaucoma
Paracentral scotoma—in bjerrum area Siedel scotoma-in bjerrum area Arcuate scotoma—bjerrum scotoma Double arcuate scotoma Roenne nasak step Advanced field defects
Right anopia
Rightvoptic nerve lesion
Bitemporal hemianopia
Optic chiasma lesion
Pityitary tumour frst defect
B/l superior temporal defect
Craniopharyngioma 1 st defect
Inferior twmporal defect
Left Homonymous hemianopia
Right optic tract lesion
Wernicke hemianopic pulpil
In optic tract lesions
Chiasmal defects and retrichiasmal
Chiasmal—heteronymous
Retrochiasmal—homonymous
Rightvhomonenmous auperior quadrant hemoanopiaq
Left temporal lobe lesion
Right occipital lobe lesion
Left hononykous hwmianopia with macular sparing(macula additional supply from kiddel cerebral artery)
Rapd(relative afferent puppillary defect)
Marcus gunn pupil
Swinging flash light examination
Left second nwrve compression or neuritis
Light near disaociation
Light refkex absentmaccomodation reflex present
Argyll robertson pupil-pretectak nucleus
Eg neurosyphilis
Holmes adie pupil
Lesion in ciliary ganglion
Accomodation fibres are spared
Dx and rx—diluted pilocarpine (0.125%)
Anisocoria
Different pupil size
Aniaocoria increases in bright ligh
Adie pupil
3 rd nerve palsy
Damage to iris sphincter
Pharmacological mydriaaua
Retinal detachment
Sepparation of inner 9 layers from
The 10 th layer
Rhegmatogeous
Retinal tear + liquified vitrous
Vitreo retinal sx
Comolete vitrectomy
Replace vitrous with air/SF6/C3F6 or silicone oil
Complication of silicon oil
Hyper oleon/inverted hypopyon
Ink blot/smoke stack in angiography
Central serous retinopathy
Flwer petal pattern
Cystoid macular edema
Microaneurysm
Mild NPDR
Cheery red spot
Ganglion layer edema CRAO Blunt trauma Neiman pick ds Faucher Gm1/gm2 ganglioside Tay sachs ds
