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Ortho > Dvt > Flashcards

Dvt Flashcards

1
Q

Bankart lesion

A

Anteroinferior glenolabral avulsion

M c c of recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation

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2
Q

Hill sachs

A

Posterolateral aspect of head of humerus bony defect

2 nd most common cause of shoulder dislocatuom

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3
Q

Gartland classification

A

Supracondylar fracture humerus
Type 1-hairline fracture with clinicak index of suscpicion
Type 2-incomplete fracture angulation
Type 3- complete fracture completely displaced

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4
Q

Complication of supracondyalat fracture humerus

A

1Malunioun/cubitus varua/gun atocke defirmity

Static and coametic defirmity
2–nerve injury.Most common—anterior interoseous(motor brankch of median nerve) overall
Posterimedial displacement-radial nerve
Posterolateral displacement-anterior interoseous nerve
Nerapraxia
3vascular injury-brachial artery
4– compartmanet syndrome
7 ps-pain,pain on passive stretching of fingers(strtch test),pallor,paralysis,pulselessness,paresthesiaa,pressure increases normal 6-12 doagnostic more than 30
5—volkmqns ischemic contarcture
Sx-maxpage ax on flexors,distal sliding of flexires
6— myositis ossificans
Mc joint elbow
Mc conpartment anterior
Mc muscke brachialis

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5
Q

Fracture later consyle humerus most common complication

A

Lateral bony spir formation

Most common complication requiring rx non union cubitus valgus

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6
Q

Isolated fracture of shaft of ulna

A

Night stick fracture

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7
Q

Fracture of proximal 1/3 of ulna with radial head dislocation

A

Montaggia fracture

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8
Q

Fracture of shaft of radius at jnt of distal 1/3 and middle -1/3 withdiatal radioulnar joint dislocation

A

Gakezzzi fracture

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9
Q

Fracture of shaft of ulna at the jn of middle 1/3 and distal 1/3 with distal radio ulnar dislocation

A

Reverese galeszi

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10
Q

Most common fractures in children

A

Green atick frqcture

Uni cortical

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11
Q

Bartons fracture

A

Fracture of distal end of radius with intraarticular extension
With radioschapoid joint displacement

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12
Q

Intra articular fracture at the distal end of radius presence of prominent radial styloid bony fragment
With radioa achaphoid joint intact

A

Choiffers or huthingaon fracture

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13
Q

Extra articar fracture of diatal end of radius

A

Colles or smith
Dorsal diaplacement colles-dorsifkexed wrist
Volar displacement-smith-palmar flexed wrist
Mcc-fall on outstretched hand

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14
Q

Mc carpel bone fracture

A

Fracture scaphoid
Base of anatomical snuff box
Retrograde blood supply
glass holding cast—-Rx

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15
Q

Most comkon complication of scaphoid fracture

A

Non unioin

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16
Q

Oblique fracture of base of 1 at meta carpel ontrarticulr

A

Bennets fracture

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17
Q

V/t shaped communited fracture base of furst meta caroel intraarticular

A

Rolandos fracture

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18
Q

Wilson fracture

A

Chip fracture of volar end of mid phalanx

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19
Q

Jersy finger which muscletendon

A

Flexir digitorum profundus

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20
Q

Mallet finger /busch fracture

A

Extensir tendon

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21
Q

Skiers thump/game keepers thump

A

Injury to the ulnar collateral ligament is characterised by painful swelling and wekmess when grasping with the thump

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22
Q

Madelungs deformity

A

Growth retardation of ulnar aspect of distal radial physis
Usually bilateral
Females more than males
Sx-darracha oateotomy-excise the prominent part

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23
Q

Haglundsdeformity/bump hump defirmity

A

Posterosuperior retrocalcaneal exoatosis /bony spur

Insertional tendinitis of achilles tendon

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24
Q

Fracture of lateral tibial chondyle

A

Bumpers fracture

Along with tibial spine fracture leading to acl tear called segonds fracture

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25
Q

H shaped fracture in in the sacrum

A

Jumpers fracture

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26
Q

Lovers fracture /don juans fracture

A

Intraarticular fracture of calcaneum(usually b/l fall from height)

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27
Q

Aviators fracture

A

Fracture of neck of tallus

Mc complication —subtalar arthrits

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28
Q

Coronal plane fracture of femoral condyle

A

Hoffas fracture

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29
Q

Potts fracture

A

Medial malleolar fracture+lateral malleolar fracture

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30
Q

Cotton fracture

A

Medial malleolar farcture+lateral malleolarvfracture+posterior malleolar fracture

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31
Q

Hairline fracture of diatal fibula spiral fracture

A

Runners fracture

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32
Q

Hairlaine fracture apiral in children <8 years due to accidental fall

A

Toddlers fracture

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33
Q

Lisfrancks fracture

A

Fracture of tarsometatarsal joint

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34
Q

Choparts fracture

A

Intertarsal fracture

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35
Q

March fracture

A

Stress fracture of neck of 2 nd mrta tarsal

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36
Q

Jones fracture

A

Fracture in the metaphysiodiaphyseal junction of the ffth matatarsal pf the foot

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37
Q

Avilsion fracture of the tuberosity of the 5 th metatarsal involving the articular margin

A

Peudojones fracture /dankers fracture/tennis fracture

Tendon paroneus brevia

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38
Q

Oateochondroma/exostosis

A

Bony stalk with cartillagenpus stalk from distal femur growing away from the joint involving metaphysis
Age<18 yrs

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39
Q

Codmans tumour/chondroblastoma

A

Epiphyseal eccentril more expensile swelling in the distal femur
Age<18 yrs
Biopsy chicken wire calcification

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40
Q

Osteoid osteoma

A 
Central radiolicent nidus
Incresed pgs diameter <2 cm-osteoid
Peripheral reactive sckerotic rim-osteoma
Common  in 2 and 3 decade 
Male more than female
In femur distal
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41
Q

Osteosarcoma

A

Periostel reaction along sharpers fibers (aun rqy /burst appearance)
Mc site of metastais lungs
Bone bone metastasis also seen

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42
Q

Gct/osteoclastomq

A 
Epiphyseo metaphyseal lesion
Eccentrically located expansile
Soap bubble appearanance
Age 20-40 yrs
Female >male
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43
Q

Aneurysmal bone cyst

A 
Metaphyseal abutting physia
Age <= 18 yrs
Female> male
Eccentric more expansioe
Blood filled sinusoids with septae in bw
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44
Q

Enchondroma

A 
Most vommon benign tumour of hand bones
Hand>feet
Phalanges>metacarpels
Cortical thinning
Specks of calcification
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45
Q

Steps of fracture healing

A

Fracture hematoma<7 days
Inflammation-2-3 weeks
Soft callus -3 rd callus/frst radiological sign of fracture helaing
Woven bone/hard callus—4-6 weeks-frst clinical sign of fracture union
Remodelling 2-3 yrs

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46
Q

Most common site of non union

A

Fracture distal third of tibia

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47
Q

Most common cause of non union

A

Inadequate immobilization

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48
Q

First radiologicagal stage of union

A

Soft callus at 3 rd week

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49
Q

Frat clinical stage of union

A

Woven bone 4-6 week

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50
Q

Most metabolically active layer in a long bne

A

Endosteum

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51
Q

Frst long bone to start ossifying

A

Clvicle 5 th week iul

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52
Q

Second bone to ossify

A

Manndible by intramembraneois ossification

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53
Q

Moat pain sensitive structure in joint

A

Capsule

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54
Q

Least pain sensitive structure in joint

A

Articular cartillage

Avascular aneural alymphatic devoid of perichondrium

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55
Q

Menisci made up of

A

Type 1 collagen

C shaped fibro cartillagenous structure

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56
Q

Thomson splint

A

Used for fracture of shaft of femur

Tb knee

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57
Q

Aeroplane splint

A

Brachial plexus palsy

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58
Q

Hand shake cast

A

Colles fracture

Thump free

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59
Q

Glass holding cast

A

Fracture scaphoid

Thump enclosed

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60
Q

Tension band wiring

A

Converts tensile/shearing force into compression forces
Fracture olecranon
fracture patella

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61
Q

Oateogenesis imperfecta

A

Type 1 collagen ds
Diaphyseal fracture ,different stages of healing,deformities
Glycine is substituted

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62
Q

Blade of grass sign/flame sign/advancing wedge sign

A

Pagets ds of bone
Asymptonamtic mincidinatal dx
Alp 8-10 elevated

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63
Q

Brim sign

A

Thick sckerotic ileopectineal line

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64
Q

Rugger jersy spine

A

Osteopetrosis

Renal osteodystrophy

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65
Q

Fish mouth spine/biconcave cod fish spine

A

Oateomalcia>osteoporosis

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66
Q

Osgood schlatferrs disese

A

Traction oateochondritis of tibial tuberosity

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67
Q

Sprenkels deformity

A 
Klippel  fiel syndrome
Elveated scapula
Short webbed neck
Scoliotic changes
Low posterior hair line
Bony fision of cervical vertebraae
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68
Q

Ctev/club foot

A

Cavus
Adduction
Inversion
Equinus

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69
Q

Principle primary bone pthology in ctev

A

Talus

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70
Q

Principle primary joint pathology in ctev

A

Talonavicular joint

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71
Q

Principle primary tendon pathology

A

Tendoachillis-equinus

Tibialis posterior-varua

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72
Q

Most common joint in oateoarthritis

A

Knee
Bone patella
Bone compartment-medial
Muscle-vastia medialis oblique

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73
Q

First x ray sign of osteoarthritia

A

Assymetric decrease in joint space

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74
Q

First xray sign in potts spine

A

Reduction in intervertibral disc space

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75
Q

First xray sogn in osteomalyltis

A

Aoft tussue lucency

Classical(periosteal reaction)

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76
Q

First x ray sign of tb hip

A

Juxta articular osteopenia

77
Q

Most common cause of genu varus

A

Rickets>idiopathic

78
Q

Most comkon cause of genu valgus

A

Idiopathic>rickets

79
Q

Most common cause of wind swept deformity

80
Q

Chance fracture/seat belt injury/jack knife injury

A 
Hyperflexion injury
Lap belt injury
Transverse fracture through vb
50% a/w intraabdominal organ injuries
Posterior column disruption
81
Q

Avulaion fraction of spinous process of c7 vertebrae

A

Clay shawellers fracture

82
Q

Spondylolysis

A

Fractue of pedicle of c2

83
Q

Burst fracture of ring of c1 vertebrae

A

Jeffersons fracture

84
Q

Dead radio dense necrotic metreial

A

Sequestrum

85
Q

Cloaca

A

Holes in the involucrum

86
Q

Para discal tb most common lesion

A

Potta paraplegia

87
Q

Least common type of tb

A

Posterior tb

Least common structure:facet>spinous process

88
Q

Phalanes test

A

Carpel tunnel syndromw

Median nerve emtrapment

89
Q

Durkan test

A

Direct infection of median nerve in carpel tunnel

90
Q

Codmans drop arm test

A

Supraspinatua

91
Q

Enpty can aign

A

Supraspinatua

92
Q

Adsons test

A

Thorqcic outlet syndrome

93
Q

Finkelsteins test

A

De quervains tenosynovitis(apl+epb)

94
Q

Cozens test

A

Tennis elbow

95
Q

Pen test

A

Abductor pollicis muscles aupplyed byvmedian nerve

96
Q

Formnta aign /book teat

A

Adductor pollicie ulnqr nervw

97
Q

Card test

A

Palmar interossei ulnar nerv adduction

98
Q

Egawa

A

Abduction of fingers

Dorsal interossei un

99
Q

Galeazzis teat /allis sogn

A

Shortening of leg (DDH)

100
Q

Telescopy

101
Q

Anterior drwers test

102
Q

Lachman test

A

Knee 30 degree flexion

Test of choice for acute cl tear

103
Q

Apleys grinding test prone position

A

Meniscal tear

104
Q

Cyclops leaion

A

Fibrous formation when poaterior acl reconstruction
Along anterior compartment(anterior arthrofibrosis)
Rare, delayed complication
Ioc_MRI
Ex excision of fibrous tissue

105
Q

Patellar clunk syndromw

A

Fibrous tissue formation post tkr
Along posterior surface of quadruceps insertion on superior pole of patella
Rare ,delayed,ioc_MRi
Rx__excision of fibrous tissues

106
Q

Patrick test/faber teat/figure of 4 test

A

Unilateral saccroilitis

107
Q

Gaenselns test

A

B/l sacroilitis

108
Q

Obers test

A

Only test done in lateral position

Iliotibial band contracture

109
Q

Thomas test

A

Acess the flexion defirmity of hip

110
Q

Gallows traction

A

Age <2 yrs
Wt<10 kgs
Fracture shaft of femur

111
Q

Stein man pen

A

4_6 mm diameter
Solid
One pointed end and one solid end

112
Q

Derhams pin

A

With ce tral grooves

Cancellous bones of calcaneum

113
Q

K wire

A

2 mm diameter
Sid implant bith sides pointed
Kirchner Martin

114
Q

Intramedukkary nail

A

Clive leaf shaped cross section
How nail
Discovered by gerhardt kunschner
Fracture shaft of femur and tibia

115
Q

Rush nail

A

One end curved other pointed

Fracture of ulna and radius

116
Q

Chisel

A

One edge bevelled

Used to chip the bone

117
Q

Osteotone

A

Both edges bevelled

Used to cut or divide bone

118
Q

Ortolanis test

A

Pull and abduct

Dislocated hip

119
Q

Barlows

A

Push sand adduction

Can tell Dislocation or may be dislocated

120
Q

Mc murrays test

A

Knee in hyper flexion we try to make in extension

121
Q

Osteoporosis

A 
Pain eraliest symptoms 
Fracture later
Lab findings are normal
Dx bone mineral density
T score
Doc-bisphosphonates prolonged use leads to sub trochantric fracture(occurs kn lateral side of bone)
122
Q

Pagets ds/osteitis deformans

A 
M>f
Mc cause idiopathic 
Sqtmi gene mutation
Paramyxovirus 
Mc bone involived pelvis > tibia
Mc clinicil symptoms pain

Stages
1.lytic
2.mixed.
3.blastic
Lab ca po4 normal
ALP 5-10 times raised thn normal
IOC biopsy mosaic pattern
123
Q

Radiological findings in pagests ds

A 
Osteoporosis corcumscripta -lytic stage
Corton wool skull-mixed 
Blade of grass 
Picture frame vertebrae-mixed
Ivory vertebrae -mixed
Tamo shanter skull -blastic stage
124
Q

Complication of pagests ds

A

Banana fracture
Cranial nerve compression 2,5,7,8
Can transform to osteosarcoma
High output cardiac failure mcc of death

125
Q

Treatment for pagets ds

A

Bisphosphonates long actingzolendronate(doc)

Calcitonin for pain

126
Q

Fracture woth best prognonsis in salter haris classification

127
Q

Salter Haris classifications

A

Worst prognosistype 5

Most common type 2

128
Q

Mc fracture in children

A

Green stcku fracture of radius

129
Q

Bones with AVN tendency

A

Head of femur
Proximal pole of scaphoid
Body of talus

130
Q

Ioc for AVN

131
Q

Causes of pseudo arthrosiis

A

Idiopathic
Neglected non union
Neurofibromatosis
Congenital pseudo arthrisis of tibia

132
Q

Mc organism involved in open fracture

A

Staph aureus

133
Q

Open fracture classification

A

Gustilo anderson
1.2.3a-treated as closed fracture
3a,b,c may require external fixation
Golden period of wound <6 hrs treated as closed fracture

134
Q

Trauma scores

A

1.Mess(mangled extremity severity score)> 7 Velocity of injury,ischrmia,shock,age of pt(VISA)
—not salvagable

  1. limb salvagable index
  2. ganga score
135
Q

Shin splits

A

Medial periostitis of tibia
Medial tibial stress syndrome
Anterimedial aspect of leg

136
Q

Judet view

A

Acetabular fracture

137
Q

Merchant view akyline view ain set sun tise

A

Patello femoral joint

138
Q

Broden view

A

Calcaneal fracture

139
Q

Canale view

140
Q

Mortise

141
Q

Von rossen

142
Q

Impingemnwt syndrome/pain ful arc syndrom/subacromial bursitis

A

Defect in mid abduction of ahoulder 60-120 degreee
Impingemnwt of soft tiaaue mainly supraspinatous tendon
Calcification
Subacromial bursitis
Abnormally shaped acromion

143
Q

Clinical test for shoulder dialocation

A

Hamiltons ruler ttest
Dugas test
Call aways test
Bryants test

144
Q

Maneuver for ahoukder reduction

A

Modifed kochers maneuver

TEAM traction external totation adduction medial rotation

145
Q

Posterior shoulder dialocation

A

Adduction internal rotation
Mechanism of injury high electric shock ect seizure
Mc injured nerve axillary nerve
Xray findings light bulb orempty glenoid signs

146
Q

Test for anterior instability shoulder

A

Fulcrum
Crankck
Apprehension test

147
Q

Test for posterior instability of shoulder

A

Jerks test

148
Q

Test for inferior instability

A

Sulcus teat

149
Q

Mc c of conpartment syndrome

A

Tibial fracture

150
Q

Mcc of compartment syndrome in children

A

Supracondylar fracture

151
Q

Mc mechanism of spine injury

A

Flexion + distraction

152
Q

Worst mechanism of spine injury

A

Translation

153
Q

Mc spinal column fracture

A

Thoracic(lower)

154
Q

Mc site of spinal cord injury

A

Cervical (lower)

155
Q

Mc site of spine dislocation

A

Cervical spine dislocation without fracture

156
Q

Mc site of skull fracture

A

Temporal bone

157
Q

Mc site of facial bone fracture

A

Nasal bone

158
Q

Mc site of mandible fracture

A

Neck of condyle

159
Q

In spinal cord injury last reflex to disappear and first reflex to rvert

A

Bulbocavernous reflex(s2s3s4 with in 24-48 hrs)

160
Q

Jefferson fracture

A 
Most common fracture of c1 vertebrae
Mechanism compression/axial forces
No neurological deficit
Conservative mx
Fusion sx if unstable fracture or neurological deficits
161
Q

Hangmans fracture

A

Fracture and dislocation of c2 vertebrae over c3
Spondylisis of C2
Spondylilsthesis of c2 over c3

162
Q

Mc fracture of c2 vertebrae

A

Odontoid fracture

163
Q

Clay shovelers fracture

A

Avulsion fracture of spinous process usually ofC7>T1

164
Q

Chance fracture

A

lumbar>lower thoracic fracture
A/k/a seat belt fracture or jack knife fracture
May or may not have ingra abdominal injury
Mechanism flexion+distraction

165
Q

Chance fracture

A

Lumbar>lower thoracic fractures
Aka seatbelt fract or jack knife fracture
May or may not have intara abdominal injuries
Mechanism flexion+distraction

166
Q

IVDP

A 
Most common—-L4-L5>L5-S1>C5-C6>C6C7
Types 
Central-cauda equina syndrome
Paracental most common lower level nerve root involved
For lateral upper nerve root involved
IOC MRI
167
Q

Cauda equina syndrome

A

Emergency operate with in 6 hrs

168
Q

Spondylolithesis

A

Slipping of one vertebrae over other

Most commonL5-S1>L4L5

169
Q

Xray finding spondylolithesis

Oblique view best

A

Beheaded scotty dog sign
Normal spine-scotty dog sign
Spondylolysiss-scotty dog with a collor sign

170
Q

Spondyloptosis

A

Slipped vertebrae come infront of vertebrae below it

Ap view shows inverted napeolean hat sign

171
Q

Cobs angle

A

Measure degree of scoliosis

172
Q

Braces for scoliosis

A

Milwakee braces/boaton braces

173
Q

Golfers elbow or swimmers elbow

A

Medial epicondylitis
Common flexor origin
Reverese cozen test

174
Q

Dequerviens tenosynovitis

A

Tenosynovitis of abdutor pollisic longus extensor poliivus brevis
Test finkelstein test

175
Q

Triger finger

A

Swelling of flexor digitorum profundus tendon swelling
Mc finger ring finger
Mc cause is trauma

176
Q

Gout

A

Deposition of monosodium urate Crystal’s
Mc joint involved__1 metatarso phalangeal joint
Xrat__martel sign or g sign over hangingin sign of bone
Ioc__joint aspirations and analysis

177
Q

Epphyseal lesions

A

Gct after maturity

Chondroblastoma before maturity

178
Q

Pulsatile bone tumors

A 
Osteosarcoma 
Aneurysmal bone cyst
Giant cell tumour
Mets from kidaney
Mets from thyroid
179
Q

Polyostotic lesions

A

Fibrous dysplasia
Gct
Enchondroma
Osteochondroma

180
Q

Fibrous displsia

A

Mc site proximal femur
Xray rind sign shepherd crook deformity
Histopathology Chinese letter pattern

181
Q

Mc cune albright syndrome

A

Polgostotic fibrous dysplasia prcorciuos puberty and pigmentation cafe lait spots

182
Q

Mazabraud syndrome

A

Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia + muscular myxoma

183
Q

Simple bone cyst

A 
Benign unilicular metaphysical
Proximal humerus
Clear or straw coloured fluid
Ex aspiration 
Curettage +AB
Xray
Trap door sign
Fallen leaf sign
184
Q

Aneurysmal bone cyst

A 
Benign mutiloculated 
Proximatibia >femur
Blood 
Rx
Extended curettage
Embolization pelvis
185
Q

Most common malignant bone tumour

186
Q

Most vommon primary malignant bone tumour

A

Mutiple myeloma>osteosarcoma

187
Q

Moat common primary non hematological maligannat bone tumou

A

Osteosarcoma&raquo_space;chondrosarcoma

188
Q

Mc benign bone tumour

A

Osteochondroma

189
Q

Most common true benign bone tumour

A

Osteoid osteoma

Ortho (1 decks)

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