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Duriense: Douro and Porto Flashcards

1
Q

Duriense IGP

2 DOPs

A
  • Douro
  • Porto
    • Douro and Porto were once included in the Transmontano region, prior to the creation of the Duriense IGP
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2
Q

Port

Preferred Soil Type

A

Schist (Douro)

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3
Q

Douro Valley

Climate

A

Continental

  • Hot summers and cold winters, temp drops below freezing
  • Becomes progressively drier toward Spanish border
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4
Q

Douro

2 Granite Mountains

A
  • Marão
  • Montemuro Mountains
    • Barriers to humid Atlantic winds
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5
Q

Douro

3 subzones

A
  • Baixo Corgo - west, highest desnsity of plantings
  • Cima Corgo - highest total vineyard acreage
  • Douro Superior - stretches to Spanish border, the largest, most arid, an most sparsely planted region in Douro
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6
Q

Douro

Westernmost subzone with the highest density of plantings

A

Baixo Corgo

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7
Q

Douro

Subzone with highest total vineyard acreage

A

Cima Corgo

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8
Q

Douro

Largest, most arid, and most sparsely planted subzone that stretches to Spanish border

A

Douro Superior

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9
Q

licoroso

A

fortified

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10
Q

Fortified Port from the Douro region is released as what?

A

Porto DOP

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11
Q

% of the Douro region’s wine is released as Porto

A

50%

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12
Q

Douro

Five varietals for higher quality reds

A
  • Touriga Nacional
  • Touriga Francesca
  • Tinta Roriz
  • Tinta Cão
  • Tinta Barroca

  • equally suited for Port production and table wines
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13
Q

Douro

Four major white varietals

A
  • Malvasia Fina
  • Viosinho
  • Rabigato
  • Gouveio
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14
Q

Grape used for fortified Moscatel wines in Douro

A

Moscatel Galego

  • May carry an age designation in the manner of tawney Port
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15
Q

Douro

reserva - min alcohol

A

11.5% - white (vs standard 10.5% white and rosado)

12% - rosado or red (vs standard 11% red)

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16
Q

Douro

reserva - aging requirements

A
  • 6 months - white reserva
  • 1 year - red reserva
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17
Q

Colheita Tardia

A

Late harvest wines

  • May be produced as Douro DOP
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18
Q

Three Port houses at the forefront of the table wine revolution

A
  • Niepoort
  • Quinta do Crasto
  • Ramos Pinto
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19
Q

What IGP encompasses Douro and Porto DOP’s?

A

Duriense IGP

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20
Q

What are the mountain ranges of Duriense IGP?

A

Marão and Montemuro

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21
Q

What is the preferred soil type for Port?

A

Schist

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22
Q

What is the major soil type of the Marão and Montemuro Mountains?

A

Granite

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23
Q

What is the climate of Duriense IGP?

A

Continental - hot summers and freezing winters

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24
Q

What are the three subzones of the Douro?

A

Baixo Corgo
Cima Corgo
Douro Superior

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25
Q

What subzone of the Douro has the highest density of plantings?

A

Baixo Corgo

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26
Q

What subzone of the Douro has the highest acreage overall?

A

Cima Corgo

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27
Q

What subzone of the Douro is driest and most sparsely planted?

A

Douro Superior

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28
Q

What wines are released as Douro DOP?

A

Table wines, Espumanto do Douro (sparkling), Colheita Tardiva (late harvest), and fortified Moscatel

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29
Q

What wines are released as Porto DOP?

A

Port

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30
Q

What % of production is released as Porto DOP?

A

50%

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31
Q

What is Moscatel Galego?

A

Muscat Blanc à Petit Grains - formally, Moscatel Galego Branco
When bottled as fortified wine, may use the same naming conventions as tawny port.

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32
Q

What are the main red varietals of the Douro?

A

Touriga Nacional, Touriga Francesca, Tinta Roriz, Tinta Cão, Tinta Barroca

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33
Q

What are the main white varietals of the Douro?

A

Malvasia Fina, Viosinho, Rabigato, Gouveio

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34
Q

What is the minimum abv for white wines in the Douro? What changes for reserva?

A

5% for standard wines
5% for Reserva

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35
Q

What is the minimum abv for red wines in the Douro? What changes for reserva?

A

11% for standard wines

12% for reserva wines

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36
Q

What are the aging requirements for reserva wines in the Douro?

A

Whites: 6mos
Reds: 1yr

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37
Q

What are the requirements for Grande Reserva in the Douro?

A

Wines must meet reserva requirements, and score exceptionally well in blind tasting analyses.

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38
Q

When was the requirement to mature all Port wines in Vila Nova de Gaia lifted? Why?

A

1986, when Portugal joined the EU.

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39
Q

What was the first major dry Douro wine estate? Who started it?

A

Barca Velha, started by the Port house Ferreira (now owned by Sogrape)

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40
Q

Name three port houses at the forefront of table wine production

A

Niepoort
Quinta do Crasto
Ramos Pinto

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41
Q

What is Quinta do Vale Meão?

A

An estate in Douro Superior, previously the main source of fruit for Barca Vellha, now producing on its own (“cult star”).

42
Q

What is Trincadeira known as in the Douro?

A

Tinta Amarela

43
Q

What is the spanish synonym for Gouveio?

44
Q

When was the Douro region formally established?

45
Q

What are feitoria?

A

The best vineyards of the Douro, originally reserved for English export.

46
Q

What are rama?

A

Lesser vineyards, originally designated for domestic consumption.

47
Q

What are the 5 best red grapes for Douro and Porto?

A

Touriga Nacional
Touriga Franca
Tinta Roriz
Tinta Cao
Tinta Barroca

48
Q

Name 4 white grapes in the production of Douro and Porto?

A

Malvasia Fina
Vosinho
Rabigato
Gorveio

49
Q

What are the wines produced under Douro DOP?

A

Table wines
- Moscatel do Douro (Licoroso and Rare)

50
Q

What % of Douro’s wines are released as Porto?

51
Q

What is the preferred soil type in in the Douro?

52
Q

What did the English nickname Port?

A

Blackstrap

53
Q

What are 3 English port houses established by 1700?

A

Warre & Co
Croft
Taylors

54
Q

What Port houses are making good table wines?

A

Niepoort
Quinta do Crasto
Ramos Pintos

55
Q

What ships were traditionally used to transport Port casks in from Pinhão downriver to Villa Nova de Gaia?

A

Barco Rabelo

56
Q

What 2 wines benefitted from “Torna Viagem”?

A

Madiera
Setubal

57
Q

Name the 2 DOP’s of the Duriense region?

A

Douro and Porto

58
Q

What was Portugal’s first demarcated wine region?

59
Q

Name the 2 mountain ranges of the Douro?

A

Maro
Montemuro

60
Q

Main soil type of the Douro?

61
Q

What is the climate in the Douro Valley?

A

Continental climate of severely hot summers and cold winters, temps often dip below freezing

62
Q

Name the subzones of the Douro from West to East:

A

Baixo Corgo
Cima Corgo
Douro Superior

63
Q

Name the principle red grape of the Douro:

A

Touriga Nacional
Touriga France
Tinta Roriz
Tinta Cao
Tinta Barroca

64
Q

Name the principle white grapes of the Douro:

A

Malvasia Fina
Viosinho
Rabigato
Gouveio

65
Q

What govt body supervises the promotion/production and trade of all Porto/Douro DOP wines?

A

Instituto dos Vinhos do Douro e Porto (IVDP)

66
Q

What is “Lei de Terco”?

A

“Law of the Third”
- a decree restricting sales of Port to 1/3 of a house’s total inventory annually

67
Q

Name the preferred red grapes for Port production:

A

Tourica Nacional
Touriga Francesa
Tinta Roriz
Tinta Cao
Tinta Barroca
Tinta Amarela
Tinta Francisca
Bastardo
Mourisco Tinto

68
Q

Preferred red grapes of Port must be ____% of blend:

69
Q

Name the preferred white grapes for Port production:

A

Gouveio
Malvasia Fina
Viosinho
Rabigato
Esgana Cao
Folgasao

70
Q

What is the name of the ope granite troughs that Port grapes are traditionally crushed in?

71
Q

What is beneficio and when does it occur in Port production?

A

Benficio - the fortification of a wine w/ spirit
- it occurs when approx. 1.3 of the sugar content has been converted to alcohol

72
Q

What is aguardiente?

A

“burning water” 77% ABV
- neutral grape spirit used to fortify Port
- contributes nothing flavor-wise

73
Q

In Port production, Aquardiente is added in what ratio?

74
Q

Name for the traditional barrel used to aging and shipping Port?

A

Pipe

Port Pipes, as mentioned, are wine barrels somewhere between low 550 liters to just above 600 liters. Typically, around 550 liters. Exact content size varies a lot as they are handmade and quite old, typically 80-100+ years old. The larger companies still employ in-house Coopers to take care of all the wood barrels.

75
Q

What is the size of a Port pipe used for shipping Port?

76
Q

What is the name of the suburb in Oporto where Port wines have traditionally been aged:

A

Villa Nova de Gaia

77
Q

Aging requirements for Vintage Port:

A

Vintage Port must be authorized by the IVDP
- aged in cask before being bottled by July 30th of the third year after harvest

78
Q

What is a Single Quinta Vintage Port:

A
  • Production of one year’s harvest
  • often if a port house cannot confidently declare a vintage, it may showcase the fruit of one of its better estates as a vintage wine
79
Q

What are the aging requirements for Late Bottled Vintage Port:

A

4-5 years in cask prior to bottling

  • some mellowed tones like tawny, but youthful fruit
  • always the production of a single vintage
  • filtered prior to bottling
  • does not improve with bottle age
80
Q

Aging requirements for Tawny Port:

A

Ages for at least 7 years prior to bottling

  • blended from several vintages
  • retains some youthful freshness w/ hints of creamy, delicate nature of true tawny
  • will not improve with bottle age
81
Q

What are the ages that “tawny port with indication of age” may display?

A

10
20
30
40 years old

82
Q

What are the requirements for Colheita Tawny Port:

A

Vintage-dated
- min 7 years in cask
- “Colheita” means “Vintage”

83
Q

The best Ports are located around which town?

84
Q

What is “Garrafeira Port”?

A

Extremely rare
- start off like Colheitas but are taken out of wood between 3-6 years and kept for years in large glass demi-johns
- very elegant Ports

85
Q

Best Port vintages of the 80’s:

A

1980 - recognized for quality years after declaration
1983 - declared by most houses, muscular
1985 - classic vintage

86
Q

Best Port vintages of the 1990’s:

A

1991 - first declared vintage for 6 years
1992 - declared by some (rich, concentrated)
1994 - classic, monumental wines
1997 - last generally declared vintage of the 20th century

87
Q

Best Port vintages of the 2000’s:

A

2000 - hugely concentrated, small quantities
2003 - classic port with ripe flavors
2007 - IVDP announced biggest vintage declared to date
2011 - great year
2015 - not widely declared but a good year
2016 - big, aromatic, and balanced
2017 - concentration, intensity and structure

88
Q

Name the single quinta of Cockburns:

A

Quinta dos Canais

89
Q

Name the single quinta of Croft:

A

Quinata do Tua

90
Q

Name the single quinta of Dows:

A

Quinta do Bomfim

91
Q

Name the single quinta of Ferreira:

A

Quinta do Porto

92
Q

Name the single quinta of Fonseca:

A

Quinta do Panascal

93
Q

Name the single quinta of Graham’s:

A

Quinta dos Malvedos

94
Q

Name the single quinta Niepoort:

A

Quinta do Passadouro

95
Q

Name the single quinta of Quinta do Noval:

A

Quinta do Noval
Quinta do Silval
Quinta do Noval Nacional

96
Q

Name the single quinta of Sandeman:

A

Quinta do Van
Quinta do Seixo

97
Q

Name the single quinta of Taylor-Fladgate:

A

Quinta do Vargellas
Quinta de Terre Feita
Quinta do Junco

98
Q

Name the single quinta of Warres:

A

Quinta da Cavadinha

99
Q

The IVDP grants each grower’s beneficio authorization, what is this?

A

The max amount of wine that can be fortified each year based on a matrix of 12 factors relating to soil/climate/vine
- each factor has a min/max point score associated total points being 2361 available
- vineyards scoring over 1200 are Grade A
- between 1001-1200 are Grade B
- all the way to F

100
Q

When did German Christiano Kopke found his port house?

A

1638
- from decades before first recorded shipment of port to England

Portugal (10 decks)

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