Durham castle

Question 1

What is the motte

Answer 1

The mound of earth that the keep sat on top of

Question 2

What is the Bailey used for during attacks

Answer 2

It was an enclosure for village peoples safety

Question 3

What is the only feature that was in the original castle

Answer 3

The motte

Question 4

What is the harrying of the north

Answer 4

A campaign by the king were they destroyed villages and food stores 100,000 people died

Question 5

What is a prince bishop

Answer 5

Very powerful people who stayed in the castle

Question 6

Who was William Rufus and what did he do

Answer 6

He was the second prince bishop who rebelled against the king in 1088

Question 7

What is a sally port

Answer 7

An escape for the prince bishops if the castle was under attack

Question 8

Geographical reasons why they built the castle in Durham

Answer 8

On top of a big hill hard to attack

Horseshoe bend in river

Question 9

Physical features of the castle

Answer 9

Original castle built was a motte and Bailey
Large motte with Bailey on top
Bailey used for military function in castle
Defences increased when rebuilt using stone

Question 10

Name some Norman features of the castle

Answer 10

In 12th century Norman chapel added and was typical of other Norman chapels in castles-pillars with carvings on top
The Norman arch used to be one of main entrances to the castle and is highly decorated to show off wealth of prince bishops

Question 11

How did the castle change in the Tudor period

Answer 11

Transformed from a fortress to a palace
Widened the gatehouse so carriages could go in and out
Added mercy seats to show wealth
Added Tunstalls gallery to also show wealth

Question 12

How typical was Durham castle as a Norman castle

Answer 12

Durham is a typical Norman castle because like Alnwick castle they have a natural motte with keeps and on top of big hills but Durham is not typical as it is also defending the cathedral

Question 13

Why did the prince bishops give the castle to the university

Answer 13

The prince bishops were losing their powers so gave it up to the university

Question 14

How is Durham castle similar to Alnwick and Bamburgh castle

Answer 14

Good geographical area
To control the area
Motte and Bailey castles
Converted to stone
Built near water
On top of hills
Had Norman archways
Had great halls for entertainment

Question 15

How is Durham castle different to Alnwick and bamburgh castle

Answer 15

Durham is also protecting a cathedral in its walls
Bamburgh was a fort for Normans destroyed by vikings in 1095

Question 16

What does the mermaid in the chapel represent

Answer 16

It shows were the women should stand in the chapel

Question 17

What was the original castle built from

Answer 17

Wood

Question 18

How is Durham castle similar to Hampton court palace

Answer 18

Both chapels used for religious services
Gallery’s similar for walking and displaying wealth with large glass windows ( Hampton courts a lot bigger)

Question 19

How is Durham castle different to Hampton court palace

Answer 19

Durham was built as a castle but converted to a palace
Durham castle built from stone hcp built from red brick
Hcp a lot bigger
Durham castle a built as a defensive castle

Question 20

What is the keep used for now

Answer 20

Accommodation for students

Question 21

How did the great hall change in the Victorian period

Answer 21

Windows enlarged for more light
Still used for entertainment
No longer had defensive role

Question 22

How did the stain glass window change in the Victorian period

Answer 22

It wasn’t originally there
Added in 1882
Created by Charles eater Kempe
Represents family tree of university