Dural Sinuses, Meninges, & Craniofacial Vasculature

Question 1

What are the two layers of Dura Mater?

Answer 1

Periosteal & Meningeal

Question 2

What is a dural venous sinus?

Answer 2

Large blood-filled space that separates two layers of dura mater.

Question 3

What is arachnoid trabeculae made of?

Where are the subdural and subarachnoid spaces?

Answer 3

Web of collagen & elastic fibers

Subdural: between dura and arachnoid mater

Subarachnoid: deep to arachnoid

Question 4

What are the 4 cranial dural septa?

Answer 4

Falx Cerebri
Tentorium cerebelli
Falx cerebelli
diaphragma sellae

Question 5

What is the purpose of cranial dural septa and what are found in them?

Answer 5

Membranous partitions separate specific parts of the brain and provide additional stabilization and support to the entire brain.

Dural venous sinuses

Question 6

Cerebrospinal Fluid

Answer 6

• a clear, colorless liquid that circulates in the ventricles and subarachnoid space.
• bathes the exposed surfaces of the central nervous system and completely surrounds it.
• performs several important functions: buoyancy, protection, environmental stability
• formed by the choroid plexus in each ventricle.
• produced by secretion of a fluid from the ependymal cells that originate from the blood plasma.
• is similar to blood plasma but has greater amounts of sodium, hydrogen, and calcium, but less potassium.

Question 7

Carotid Sinus

Answer 7

• superior to bifurcation
on internal carotid A.
• baroreceptors innervated by glossopharyngeal N. (cn ix)
• indirectly modulates activity of sympathetic & parasympathetic response to blood pressure

Question 8

External Carotid Mnemonic

Some Anatomist Like Freaking Out Poor Medical Students

Answer 8

• S – Superior Thyroid A
• A – Ascending Pharyngeal A
• L – Lingual A
• F–Faciala
• O – Occipital A
• P – Posterior Auricular A
• M – Maxillary A
• S – Superficial Temporal A

Question 9

Vertebral A. stretch with what movements?

Answer 9

Rotation & Extension of the head.

Question 10

What arteries form the Cerebral arterial circle (of Willis)?

Answer 10

Ventral surface of brain. Anastomosis at the base of the brain between four arteries (two vertebral and two internal carotid arteries) that supply the brain.
In anterior to posterior direction:

Anterior communicating artery.

Anterior cerebral arteries.

Internal carotid arteries.

Posterior communicating arteries.

Posterior cerebral arteries.