Durability

Question 1

Hydration pictures

Answer 1

Poet

Question 2

Durability types

Answer 2

I physical:
Freezing/thawing frost
Fire
Sulfate attack

II chemical
Sulfate attack

Question 3

Freezing and thawing (frost)
Reduced safely how?
Benefit and disadvantages

Reduce undafely how?

Answer 3

Frost reduced by air entrainment allows water to escape but void spaces should be between .1 and .2 mm

The downside is that your strength is reduced

Adding salt is good because it reduced your freezing temperature

It’s bad because it increases Osmotic pressure

Question 4

Fire
2 facts
What happens at 500 degrees and 900 degrees

Answer 4

1) concrete does not combust
2) temp won’t rise until full evaporation

At 500 degrees: dehydration of CH and huge strength loss due to heavy loss of water

At 900 degrees: dehydration of CSH

Question 5

Sulfate attack

2 facts

Answer 5

Entrigure formation and gypsum formation are expansive products that create cracks

Sulfate attacks hydration products