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D3: Portugal > Duoro > Flashcards

Duoro Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the general Duoro region

A
  • Portugals best known wine region and biggest wine producing region
  • 41,000ha registered for DOC production (Either Porto DOC for fortifieds or Duoro for unfortified wines
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2
Q

When and why was the Duoro DOC established

A
  • 1982
  • There had always been unfortified wines from the Duoro
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3
Q

What is the wine history of Barca Velha of Duoro DOC

A
  • First ambitious red made by Fernando Nicolau de Alemdeia; returned from Bordeaux, made Barca Velha (chilled the ferment with ice, experimented with oak and grape varieties).
  • Tinta Roriz (Aragonez or Tempranillo) made majority of blend, followed by Portuguese natives
  • Now commands super premium prices, but was initially not popular
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3
Q

Describe the rise of quality unfortified wine in the Duoro

A
  • Did not get underway until Portugal joined EU in 1986
  • EU brought finance and investment into mordern winemaking; stainless steel, temp control
  • Export from Duoro, not from Porto legislation kickstarted development of modern, single Quinta wines.
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4
Q

Describe the grape growing area of Duoro

A

the region follows the river Douro over 100kms, starting where the river turns west at border with Spain until west of the Mesao Frio, 100kms in land from Oporto.

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5
Q

What are the sub regions of the Duoro

A
  • Duoro Superior (Upper Duoro)
  • Cima Duoro; central
  • Baixo Corgo in west towards coast & Vinho Verde
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6
Q

Describe the climatic influences on the Duoro

A
  • Western limit marked by Serra do Marao; sheilding Duoro from Atlantic weather, creating warm continental climate
  • Western most Baixo Corgo is wettest; Cima Corgo warmer and drier; Duoro Superior hot and arid.
  • Duoro river and its tributaries provide range of micro climates.
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7
Q

Describe the soils of the Duoro

A
  • Bedrock of schist with shallow topsoil of decomposed schist
  • Low in organic matter, stony texture, soils store little water.
  • Schist bedrock splits into vertical layers which roots can break through searching for water
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8
Q

Describe the water use in Duoro.

A
  • Many vineyards not set up for irrrigation
  • Duoro a dry and drought-prone climate
  • 2019; IVDP relaxed irrigation restrictions and have allowed it; if irrigation is permitted in vineyard area, producers need to notify IVDP before irrigation.
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9
Q

What are the grape varieties commonly used in Duoro red wines

A
  • Touriga Nacional
  • Touriga Franca
  • Tinta Roriz
  • Tinta Barroca
  • Tinta Cao
  • Sousao (increasing)
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10
Q

Describe the use of Touriga Franca & Nacional in Duoro red wines

A
  • Main grapes
  • Ripe black fruit
  • Retain acidity
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11
Q

Describe Touriga Franca’s structural components in Duoro red wines

A
  • medium body
  • Medium alcohol
  • Red & black fruits, some floral characters
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12
Q

Describe Touriga Nacional’s structural components in Duoro red wines

A
  • high colour & high tannin
  • Black fruit, violets flavoured
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13
Q

What are the grape varieties used for Duoro white wines

A
  • Viosinho; full bodied & floral, lacks acid)
  • Rabigato; high acid, citrus & floral
  • Gouveio; Godello, medium plus acid, citrus, stone fruit
  • Moscatel Galego Branco; muscat blanc a petits grains, enhances intensity of aromas.
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14
Q

Why do Duoro producers use grapes from a range of sites

A
  • aiming for ripe but not over ripe grapes; blending can help this
  • Blends of both site and variety
  • Aspect, altitude and distance from coast influence grape ripeness
  • Western, high-altitude grapes add freshness in warm years.
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15
Q

Describe general Duoro wines and their quality

A
  • made as still red, rosé, white or sparkling wines
  • Range from inexpensive good quality to premimum/super-premium wines that are very good and outstanding in quality
  • Virtually all port houses make dry wines
16
Q

Describe general red winemaking in Duoro

A
  • Destemmed to avoid tannin from skins; grapes tannic enough and avoid green flavours
  • Fermentation in stainless steel at relatively low temperatures for red wine (24-28 degrees) for control over tannin
  • Some lagares fermentation still used; easier to monitor tannin in a open lagar.
  • Early drinking wines pressed off early, ageable wines can have post fermentation skin contact for further and softer tannin.
  • Traditional large Portuguese oak was used but now a focus on French barriques.
  • Larger 400-500L oak is becoming popular.
17
Q

Describe inexpensive white wine making in the Duoro

A
  • Inexpensive, fresh Duoro white wines are fermented at cooler temperatures in stainless, released early.
  • Light to medium aromas & flavours
  • Medium to medium plus acid
  • Good quality
  • Moscatel Galego Branco is often used to add aromatic intensity
18
Q

Describe premium white wine making in the Duoro

A
  • From older vines
  • Fermented in oak; both new and old
  • Intesity of aroma and flavour, body and texture
  • Very good but some outstanding examples.
18
Q

Describe the volume of unfortified wine in the Duoro

A
  • Duoro DOC wine is 78% red wine
  • Half of Duoro region is port production but Duoro DOC is increasing, becoming 30% of regions production
  • VR Duriense are much lower volumes for non-local varieties
19
Q

Describe the premium wines of the Duoro

A
  • Many single Quinta named wines
  • Top wines often come from select estates or parcels earmarked for still wine rather than Port.
20
Q

Describe inexpensive Duoro wines

A
  • Generally made by one of the 23 co-ops
  • Sourced from different Quintas
21
Q

What does the lack of the Beneficio do to unfortified Duoro production.

A
  • No price control for grapes
  • Growers get paid less for dry wines than port
  • Artificial prices for Port grapes are subsidising the growing of grapes for unfortfied wines
22
Q

Describe the sales of Duoro wines

A
  • 63% sold domestically
  • Main export markets UK, Canada & Germany
23
Q
A

D3: Portugal (5 decks)

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