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Child Health > DUMS paeds > Flashcards

DUMS paeds Flashcards

1
Q

What is the average age of girls/boys entering puberty?

A

Girls: 11
Boys: 11/12

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2
Q

What is early puberty known as and when does it occur in boys/girls?

A

True central precocious puberty (TCPP)
Girls: <8,
Boys: <9
(occurs more commonly in girls than boys)

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3
Q

By what age is a child considered to have pubertal delay and which gender is it more common in?

A

Girls: >13,
Boys: >14

(more common in boys)

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4
Q

What hormone stimulates ovulation?

A

LH

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5
Q

What are the gonadotrophins and which hormone stimulates their release?

A

LH and FSH

GnRH

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6
Q

What investigations should be performed in primary care for a child presenting with polydipsia, polyuria, nocturnal enuresis and weight loss?

A

(Diabetes)
RBG (>11.1, fasting: >7)
Urinalysis (for glucose and ketones)

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7
Q

How quickly should ab child with suspected diabetes be referred?

A

Within 24 hours

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8
Q

How should a child presenting with DKA be managed?

A

Insulin (act rapid)
NaCl (saline) + potassium
(based upon weight)

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9
Q

What hormones are missing in congenital adrenal hyperplasia and how does it present?

A

Cortisol and Aldosterone (adrenal gland)
Presents with an Addisonian crisis (hyponatraemia, hyperkalaemia, hypotension)
Also have excess androgens (due to steroid pathway)
Either ambiguous genitalia in females or precocious puberty in males

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10
Q

What causes croup and how is it managed?

A

Parainfluenza virus (laryngotracheobronchitis)

Steroid treatment to manage oedema (dexamethosone)

Oxygen is signs of respiratory failure

Hospital admission for moderate or severe (neb adrenaline)

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11
Q

Where is the infection in bronchiolitis and how is it managed?

A 
LRTI (viral)
Supportive management (oxygen + tube feeding)
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12
Q

What is the different between croup and bronchiolitis?

A

Croup: URTI
Bronchiolitis: LRTI

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13
Q

What is the steeple sign indicative of?

A

Croup (narrowing of the air column into the trachea, distension of the hypopharynx)

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14
Q

What are the signs of a CNS infection in children and what investigations should be done?

A

Neck stiffness, photophobia, bulging fontanelle

Lumbar puncture + imaging

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15
Q

What is the management for suspected meningitis and what so the main infecting organism?

A

Viral

Hydration + sugar

Antibiotics (benzylpenicillin pre-hospital)

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16
Q

What is the cause death in meningitis?

A

Raised ICP (from swelling)

17
Q

What are the phases of measles infection and what are the symptoms of each?

A

Prodromal phase: fever, malaise, anorexia

Cutaneous symptoms (a few days later): Conjunctivitis, cough, coryza, kopeck spots (white spots on oral mucosa)

18
Q

What presents with visible peristalsis, milky vomit and distended stomach? This is usually at 6 weeks old. How is this treated?

A

Pyloric stenosis

Paramyotomy (split the muscle of the pyloric sphincter)

19
Q

What presents with red current like stool, green vomit and a ‘sausage like’ mass on palpation of stomach? How is this managed?

A

Intussusception

Blow air up bowel (air reduction)

20
Q

What is bile like vomit in a young child indicative of?

A

Malrotation (surgical emergency causing ischaemic gut)

21
Q

What is the most common cause of acute scrotum in children? How does this happen?

A

Persistent mullerian duct structure

Skin tag on top of testicle twists and becomes necrotic - feels like a firm bead on exam

22
Q

What is a febrile convulsion and at what length should rescue medication be given?

A

Due to a febrile illness (fever>38 before or after)

Give buccal midazolam if >5 mins

23
Q

What chromosome is implicated in Edwards syndrome and patau syndrome?

A 
Edwards = 18
Patau = trisomy 13
24
Q

What is the genetic makeup of Kleinfelter’s and Turners syndrome?

A

Kleinfelters: 47 XXY (male)
Turners: 45 X (female)

25
Q

How is respiratory distress syndrome managed?

A

Give steroids IM (due to lack of surfactant)

26
Q

What centiles are babies in who are small, appropriate or large for gestational age?

A

Small: <10th centile
Appropriate: 10th-90th centile
Large: >90th centile

27
Q

Which immunoglobulins cross the placenta and which are found in breast milk?

A

Placenta: IgG

Breast milk: IgA

28
Q

What happens to Hr, RR and BP with age in a child?

A

HR decreases
RR decreases
BP increases

Child Health (4 decks)

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