Dumb crap I cannot remember Flashcards

1
Q

normal FBS

diabetes FBS

A

<100

> 126

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2
Q

normal GTT

diabetes GTT

A

<140

> 200

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3
Q

normal HbA1C

diabetes HbA1C

A

<5.7%

> 6.5%

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4
Q

3rd nerve palsy: think ______

A

diabetes

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5
Q

wet keratin: think _________

A

craniopharyngioma

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6
Q
  • clear lipid containing cells
  • low nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio
  • rare/absent mitoses
A

adrenal cortical adenoma

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7
Q

-diffusely thickened cortex with streaks

A

Adrenal hyperplasia

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8
Q

variegated surface

A

adrenal cortical carcinoma

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9
Q

Zellballen

A

pheochromocytoma

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10
Q

insulitis

A

pathologic trademark of T1DM

lymphocytic infilitrate in glomerulus

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11
Q

N/V
Weight loss
fatigue

A

HYPOcortisolism

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12
Q

acromegaly –> increased risk of dying of ___ & ____

A

heart disease

colon cancer

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13
Q

most common cause of Cushings

A

pituitary tumor

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14
Q

diabetes
DVT
rash

A

glucagonoma

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15
Q

Albright’s Hereditary Osteodystrophy

A
  • pesudohypoparathyroidism
  • AD
  • short stature
  • round face
  • developmental delay
  • short 4th/5th metacarpals

PTH INDEPENDENT
unresponsiveness of kidney

high PTH
low Ca
high alk phos

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16
Q

best way to assess for adequate production of GH?

A

insulin tolerance test

insulin –> hypoglycemia –> incr GH

17
Q

glucocorticoid effect on:

  1. gluconeogenesis
  2. protein synthesis
  3. immune response
  4. osteoclasts
A
  1. incr gluconeogen
  2. decr protein synth
  3. decr immune response
  4. incr osteoclast formation
18
Q

administration of Cortrosyn causes what?

A

increased cortisol (in normal adrenals)

if no response –> adrenal atrophy

19
Q

adrenal cortical adenoma: first steps

A

watchful waiting

usually non-functional adrenal incidentalomas

20
Q

mature-appearing neurons in a background of Schwann cells

A

ganglioneuroma

21
Q

paraganglioma (or pheo) is usually due to lack of what enzyme?

A

succinate DH

22
Q

Conn Syndrome =

A

primary hyperaldo

23
Q

Tx for bilateral adrenal hyperplasia

A

spironolactone

24
Q

elevated catecholamine metabolites

also: what age, histology?

A

neuroblastoma

children
homer-wright rosettes

25
Q

which organs do NOT increase metabolic rate with T3

A

brain, spleen, gonads

26
Q

why does rT3 increase?

A

starvation

do not want metabolic rate to increase; need to conserve energy

27
Q

increased sedimentation rate

A

subacute thyroiditis

28
Q

PTH acts on osteo Blasts or Clasts?

A

Blasts

–> crosstalk to activate osteoclasts

29
Q

RankL

A

recruits osteoclasts to bone surface to increase resorption

30
Q

actions of Vitamin D

A

increased serum Ca
increased serum phos

increases Ca/Phos reabs in gut, DCT

mobilize Ca out of bone (?)

31
Q

other name for activated vit D

A

calcitriol

32
Q

receptor type for calcitriol

A

nuclear hormone receptor

33
Q

FBHH inheritance

A

AD

34
Q

PTHrP

A

released from small cell lung cancer

incr osteoclast activity

paradoxical inhibition of Ca reabs in kidney

35
Q

glucagon release stimulated by

A

low blood glucose

high AA

36
Q

decrease CV events (diabetes med)

A

empagaflozin
liraglutide
semaglutide

37
Q

don’t use with heart failure (diabetes med)

A

-glitazones