Duffy Motor Speech Flashcards
Combined processes of speech motor planning, programming, control and execution
Motor Speech Processes
Speech disorders resulting from neurological impairments affecting the planning, programming, control or execution of speech.
Motor speech disorders
Collective name for neurological speech disorders that reflect abnormalities in speech, speed, range, steadiness, tone or accuracy of movements required for breathing, phonatory, resonatory, articulatory or prosodic aspects of speech production
Dysarthria
A neurological speech disorder that reflects impaired capacity to plan or program sensorimotor commands necessary for during movements that result in phonetically and prosodically normal speech
Apraxia of speech
Rely primarily on auditory perceptual attributions of speech
Perceptual
The three instrumental analsysis of speech
Acoustic, physiological and visual imaging
Methods that can visually display and numerically quantify frequency, intensity, temporal component of speech
Acoustic
Measurement that focuses on muscles contractions that generate movements
Physiologic
What are the the factors of categorising motor speech disorders?
Age at onset, course, site of lesion, neurological diagnosis, pathophysiology
What are the variables relevant to speech disorders?
Speech components involved, severity and perceptual characeristics
What is the localisation of flaccid dysarthria and neuromotor bases specific?
Lower motor neuron and weakness
What is the localisation of spastic dysarthria and neuromotor bases specific?
Bilateral upper motor neuron and spasticity
What is the localisation of ataxic dysarthira and neuromotor bases specific?
Cerebellum and incoordination
What is the localisation of hypokinetic dysarthria and neuromotor bases specific?
Basal ganglia and rigidity
What is the localisation of hyperkinetic dysarthria and neuromotor bases specific?
Basal gangalia and involuntary movements
What is the localisation of apraxia and neuromotor bases specific?
Left hemisphere and programming
What do the final common pathways of speech include that supply muscles involving phonation, resonance, articulation and prosody as well as involved in speech breathing and prosody.
Paired cranial nerves and paired spinal nerves
What is the trigeminal nerve responsible for?
sensation of the face and anterior tongue, jaw motor movement, motor movement trigeminal nerve,
What is the facial nerve responsible for?
Motor muscles of the face and lip
What is the glosso pharyngeal nerve responsible for?
Raise and dilate of pharynx, taste sensation of the tongue, gag reflex
What is the vagus nerve for?
Motor muscles of the larynx, sensory of the lower larynx
What is the tongue nerve for?
Motor muscles of the tongue
Speech is manifested through movements triggered by what which innervate breathing, phonatory, resonatory and articulatory muscles
Spinal nerves and cranial nerves
What are the 3 essential components of motor speech examination
Case history, salient speech features and identify confirmatory signs
Salient features
Features that contribute most directly and influentially to diagnosis
What are examples of salient features in motor speech?
strength, speed, range, steadiness, tone, accuracy
What are two things you can do to examine the larynx?
Look at the integrity of the vocal fold adduction, ask the client to produce a glottal coup
How do you assess gross integrity of vocal fold adduction?
Ask the patient to cough or ask the patient to produce a glottal coup
What does a weak cough but sharp glottal coup mean
Respiratory weakness
What does a weak coup but normal cough indicate
Laryngeal weakness and respiratory weakness
What is involved in the MSD rating scale?
Pitch, loudness, voice quality, resonance respiration, prosody, articulation, other
What is the assessment for dysarthria?
Frenchay dysarthria assessment
What is the assessment for apraxia?
Apraxia battery for adults
What is the primary goal of management of dysarthria?
To maximise effectiveness, efficiency or naturalness of communication
What is the first component of speech that should be treated?
Greatest functional benefit
What are 5 distinguishable methods of dysarthria management?
medical intervention, prosthetic management, behavioural management, AAC, counselling and support
What is the dysarthria management that involved directly modifying what happened in the vocal tract during speech and helping to decrease abnormality including a palatal lit prosthesis that may help decrease hypernasality.
Prosthetic Management
What are some prosthetic management methods that help alter the rate of prosody?
Pacing boards, metronomes, delayed auditory feedback
What are the two forms of behavioural management for motor speech disorders?
Speech oriented and communication oriented
Behavioural management approach that involved improving speech intelligibility and improving efficiency and naturalness of communication.
Speech oriented
Treatments to decrease impairments by increasing physiological support attempt to remediate deficits in…?
Posture, strength and control
Increasing naturalness of speech primary involves attention to prosody which includes?
Rate, rhythm, intonation and stress
What two things form underpinnings for assertion behaviour management that can decrease the speech impairment and increase physiological capacity of speech?
Nervous system plasticity and motor skill learning
Learning occurs from muscle use and changes in patterns of behaviour
Neuroplasticity
The acquisition of new, relatively permanent patterns of movement through active practice
Motor learning
