Ducks phase model of relationshop breakdown

Question 1

who did research into relationship breakdowns

Answer 1

Duck (1982)

Question 2

Ducks phase model: introduction

Answer 2

Duck’s (1982) model of relationship breakdown outlines four different phases people go through during the dissolution of a romantic relationship.

Duck argued that each phase is marked by one partner (or both) reaching a ‘threshold’, a point at which their perception of the relationship changes (usually for the worse).

The process begins once a partner realises that they are dissatisfied with the relationship and distressed about the way things are going.

Question 3

4 phases

Answer 3

1. intrapsychic
2. dyadic
3. social
4. grave dressing

Question 4

1. intrapsychic

Answer 4

The threshold for entering this stage is usually characterised by thoughts such as “I can’t stand this anymore” suggesting a need for change.

One person is privately dissatisfied with the relationship.

This phase focuses on the cognitive processes within the individual.

The dissatisfied partner broods on the reasons for his or her dissatisfaction, centring on their partner’s inadequacies.

They worry about problems to come.

The partner considers their thoughts privately, and may share them with a trusted friend.

They will consider the pros and cons of the relationship and evaluate these against alternatives (including being alone), and will consider expressing dissatisfaction to their partner.

Question 5

2. dyadic

Answer 5

The second phase is the ‘dyadic phase’ where the threshold is “I would be justified in leaving”.

The focus here is on interpersonal processes between the two partners as this is where individuals will confront their partners to discuss their feelings, discontentment and the future of the relationship.

Anger, guilt and hostility are likely to surface.

Couples will either commit to repairing the relationships (for the sake of shared investments and costs such as children or finance) or will remain termined to break it up.

Question 6

3. social

Answer 6

The third phase is the ‘social phase’ where the threshold is “I mean it”.

The focus is now on wider processes involving the couple’s social networks.

Here, the breakdown has happened, the distress experienced by both partners becomes public and so it is difficult for either partner to now deny any problems and bring about a reconciliation.

Even though friends are often forced to choose a side, they can offer support and advice or help mediate.

There is negotiation about practicalities, e.g. the division of assets, childcare responsibilities etc.

Question 7

4. grave dressing