Duchess Study Guide Flashcards
What airplane type is this?
Be-76
What year was this aircraft built?
1978
Does this aircraft need a 100 hour inspection
Maybe. Only of its been flown more than 100 hours since its last annual inspection
Where is the supplemental information for this aircrafts systems located?
Digital copies on iPad. Printed copies are in black book and the POH
What are some new threats to consider while flying light twins?
Taxiing: lights, obstacles at the edge of the runway and taxiways, most especially exits.
Flying : engine failure close to the ground, Vmc rollover, flight physiology
What is a stabilized approach?
On course
On glide path
Fully configured, gear down, flaps set
Power set - airspeed within +10/-5 KIAS of recommended approach speed
Vertical speed < 1000 fpm
Vfr 500 agl, ifr 1000 agl
Does this aircraft have a critical engine?
No
Why doesn’t this aircraft have a critical engine?
Because the propellers counter-rotate, thus eliminating one engine from having a more adverse effect on performance than the other.
What is the definition of critical engine?
The critical engine is the engine that presents “the most adverse effect on performance” when failed.
What are the four aerodynamic factors effecting performance during an engine out?
P factor
Accelerated slipstream
Spiraling slip stream
Torque
What is p factor
The descending propeller blade is productive more thrust than the ascending blade.
What is accelerated slipstream?
The air being forced over the wings by the operating engine creates extra lift.
“There is a greater distance (arm) between the excess lift and the longitudinal axis on the right engine than on the left engine.
What is spiraling slip stream
Prop wash from propeller hits the vertical stabilizer
What is torque
Based on newtons 3rd law for every action there is a equal and opposite reaction.
What is the difference between Vmc and Vmca?
Vmca was minimum control speed on the day the aircraft was certified. Vmc is the minimum control speed for the aircraft we are flying today.
Where can we see Vmca?
Red radial line on the airspeed indicator
Where can we see Vmc?
We can’t, there is never an instrumental indication of Vmc.
How do we know that we’re at vmc?
And further decrease in airspeed will result in the loss of directional control.
What must a pilot do to immediately Decrease Vmc when encountering a Vmc event?
Reduce AOA and simultaneously reduce power on the operating engine.
What are the elements used for vmca certification?
Vmca was the demonstrated minimum control speed that was determined during the aircrafts certification testing under title 14 CFR 23.
Standard day
At sea level
With critical engine windmilling
Operating engine at max takeoff power
Aft-most enter of gravity
Most unfavorable weight
Out of ground effect
Gear up
And up to 5 degrees of bank
With new motors new prop new airplane and test pilot flying it.
Why do we perform Vmc demonstrations?
To demonstrate the pilots ability to safely recover from a Vic encounter.
Why is the landing gear In the up position for a vmc demo?
Because of the keel effect, extending the landing gear actually stabilizes the aircraft and decreases vmc, therefore the “most adverse”position of the landing gear would be to have them retracted.
What effect does baggage have on Vmc in the duchess?
In the duches because baggage is in the aft compartment, it increases arm. By shortening the arm from the center of gravity and the vertical stabilizer, which reduces rudder effectiveness.
What effect does the landing gear being down have on Vmc?
It lowers Vmc because they act like a keel does on a boat, stabilizing effect.
The importance of using up to 5 degrees of bank into the good engine ?
It is critical that the aircraft is in coordinated flight if we are expecting it to climb. If the fuselage is blocking airflow over the dead engines wing, it is acting like a drag-chute and impeding the ability of the aircraft to climb.
Why does the FAA use “standard day” conditions at sea level?
Because that’s what the eengines are rated at. If new are to get 180hp out of the lycomint 0-360, it has to be at sea level and at standard temperature and barometric pressure.
Can you turn into a dead engine?
Turning into the dead engine is perfectly safe so long as you’re at or above vyse.
Briefly describe the engine types
180hp lycoming o-360 and LO-360, horizontally opposed air cooled
What props do we have?
Harrell, counter rotating, with feathering and unfeathering accumulator.
What is our electrical system?
14 volt/60 amp alternators, 12 volt 35 amp battery
How many electrical bus’s are there?
2
How are the electrical bus’s connected?
By a bus tie circuit breaker that will trip if there is a fault on one of the two busses.
Fuel system?
103 gallons total/ 100 gallons usable, both engine driven and electrical aux pumps. Cross feed.
Gear?
Electrically driven hydraulically actuated, free fall emergency extend
What happens when the gear handler is raised and lowered?
It sends a signal to the hydraulic power pack which reverses the fluid flow by raising or lowering the gear depending on switch position.
What is the proper tire pressure?
38 psi all three tires
Flaps?
Electrically driven, mechanically actuated
Heater?
C and D, burns from right tank 2/3 gph, no fire suppression system.
Weights?
Max takeoff? 3900
Zero fuel? 3500
Why do we have a zero fuel weight?
To prevent over stressing the spar
Max aft baggage capacity?
200lbs
What is the empty weight of this aircraft?
2589.5
What is useful load
Useful load is the weight of the pilots, passengers, baggage, useable fuel and drainable oil.
What is the useful load of this aircraft
1310.5
How much fuel in time do we have with both tanks full?
100 gallons @ 15gph 6.6 hours
Vr?
71
Vyse?
85
Vle?
140
Vfe?
110
Vno?
154
Vne?
194
Va?
116-132
What is Vyse?
Best single engine rate of climb?
Least single engine rate of descent
What is maneuvering speed?
The speed at which an aircraft will stall before it experiences a structural failure.
Why is it important to know Va?
So as to never over-stress the wing spar causing catastrophic failure.
What is max load factor for the be-76
3.8Gs flaps up and 2.0g flaps down
What is accelerate stop?
The distance required to accelerate to VR with all engines at takeoff power, experience a exmgine failure and reject the takeoff apply maximum braking and bring the aircraft to a stop on the remaining runway.
