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Graphic Communication > DTP > Flashcards

DTP Flashcards

Revision Cards

1
Q

What is ALIGNMENT?

A

Lines up text or other graphic material as
specified, using a base or vertical line as the
reference point.

This allows the designer to create and organised and
attractive publication.

The viewer can easily see all important pieces of
information relatively quickly.

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2
Q

What does AUDIENCE mean?

A

Audience is the group of people your graphic design is going
to be used to inform, persuade, educate or even
entertain.

Designers will use different methods to appeal to
different target audiences.

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3
Q

What is BALANCE?

A

The arrangement of text and graphics on a page in
such a way as to create a feeling of order. Balance
may be either formal or informal.

Helps to keep pages organised and visually appealing.

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4
Q

What is BLEED?

A

When any image or element on a page touches the
edge of the page, extending beyond the edge, leaving
no margin it is said to bleed.

This allows for a more professional look.

Gives a better feeling of depth.

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5
Q

What is a BORDER?

A

A continuous decorative design or rule surrounding

the material on a page.

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6
Q

What is a CAPTION

A

Text placed under an illustration to describe it.

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7
Q

What is CLIPART?

A

Non-photo images created in a graphics program.
May be simple or complex. Hand-drawings scanned
into

A computer and manipulated in a graphics program
may also be considered clip art.

Used to illustrate documents and articles.

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8
Q

What is CREATIVE TEXT?

A

Artistic text that makes use of texture, colour and

font styles to fit with a theme.

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9
Q

What is a COLOUR/GRADIENT FILL?

A

Colour fill: Filling a shape with a solid block of
colour. Used as shape backgrounds and flashbars
etc.

Used in much the same way as a colour fill, a
gradient fill fades from one colour into another, or
from a colour to transparency.

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10
Q

What is a COLOUR SCHEME?

A

A selection of colours you want to incorporate in

your design to enhance its message.

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11
Q

What does CROPPING do?

A

Deletes unwanted parts of an image so that the
result is more useful.

Cropping is used to edit the size and proportions of
graphics used in DTP.

It allows the viewer to focus on the most important
part of the graphic.

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12
Q

What is a CROP MARK?

A

The marks shown are crop marks and these show
where the paper will be cut. As you can see the
image ‘bleeds’ further off the page than the crop
marks.

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13
Q

What is a COLUMN?

A

Is a space in a publication that has particular
dimensions.

Usually filled with text, but sometimes with graphics.

This helps to keep text (or graphics) organised on
the page.

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14
Q

What is CONTRAST?

A

Designers use contrasting colours to create exciting
and dynamic publications.

Contrasting colours are opposite each other on the
colour wheel.

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15
Q

What is DEPTH?

A

Depth can be achieved in a publication through the
use of layering and shadows.

It will make a publication look more professional and
dynamic.

It also allows for the most important parts of a
publication to stand out.

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16
Q

What is DOMINANCE?

A

Each DTP design requires a dominant element: a
headline, an illustration, white space-something that
focuses the design and defines its purpose.

adds variation or interest to a design by emphasising
a particular part.

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17
Q

What is a DROP CAP?

A

A large initial letter at the start of the text that drops
into the line or lines of text below.

Brings the readers attention to the start of an
article.

Enlivens your text.

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18
Q

What is a FOLIO?

A

A small piece of text (usually at the bottom of the
page), showing information such as a website or a
page number.

Allows the designer to put more information on the
page without taking any attention away from more
important parts.

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19
Q

What is a FONT?

A

A complete set of characters in a typeface/style.

Different fonts are suitable for different parts of a
publication. It is important to choose a font that
suits a theme.

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20
Q

What is a FOOTER?

A

Appearing at the bottom or foot of a page outside
the page margins, the footer is typically found in
books, booklets, newsletters, and magazines.

Text in a footer information related to the
document such as book title or chapter, author’s
name, or a date.

It is usually printed on every page of a document.

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21
Q

What is a GRID/GUIDELINES?

A

A grid is an invisible structure used to guide the
placement of elements on your page. Grids don’t
appear on the printed piece but their influence may
be evident in the widths of text columns, the
uniformity of space around photographs, or the
consistent placement of repeating elements from
page to page in a magazine.

Guidelines help the designer achieve alignment in
their publications.

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22
Q

What is a GUTTER?

A

Is the space placed between columns in a design to
add breath or white space.

It keeps the publication looking organised, spacious
and professional.

23
Q

What is HARMONY?

A

Designers use harmonising colours to create calming
and elegant publications.

Harmonising colours are next to each other on the
colour wheel.

24
Q

What is a HEADER?

A

Appearing at the top or head of a page outside the
page margins, the header is typically found in
books, booklets, newsletters, and magazines.

Text in a header may include a page number and
information related to the document such as book
title or chapter, author’s name, or date.

It will usually be printed on every page of the
document.

25
Q

What is an ILLUSTRATION?

A

The elements in a layout that include the
ornamentation, photographs, and artwork.

Makes an article more interesting for the reader.

Makes a publication look more professional.

26
Q

What is LANDSCAPE?

A

Page orientation which is a horizontal format.

The width is greater than the height and so often
referred to as wide.

27
Q

What are LAYERS?

A

The different levels within a DTP document.

Allows the designer to edit different parts of a
publication with ease.

28
Q

What is a LINE?

A

A line is a mark connecting two points. Lines can be
long or short, straight or curved. Lines can be
horizontal, vertical, or diagonal. Lines can be solid,
dashed, thick, thin, or of variable width. The endings
of lines can be ragged, blunt, or curved.

Lines can be used to organise a document, give it
texture or guide the eye to particular parts.

29
Q

What is a MARGIN?

A

Imprinted space around the edge of the printed

material.

30
Q

What is ORIENTATION?

A

The positioning of paper in a document.

31
Q

What is a PAGE LAYOUT?

A

The placement of design items within the page.

Often decided by the use of thumbnails at the
planning stage of a project.

32
Q

What is PORTRAIT?

A

Page orientation which is a vertical format.

The height is greater than the width and so often
referred to as wide.

33
Q

What is a PRELIMINARY LAYOUT?

A

Produced by the designer during the planning stages
of a publication.

Can be through the use of rough sketches,
thumbnails or working roughs.

Allows the designer to plan a layout and
communicate it to others in the team.

34
Q

What is a PRIMARY COLOUR?

A

These are the basic colours that are combined to
create all other colours as described in the theory of
light. They are red, green and blue.

They are the colours at the centre of the colour
wheel.

35
Q

What is REFLECT?

A

A reflection or mirrored image of a graphic or text
in a publication.

Allows the designer to create a more dynamic
publication by linking themes.

36
Q

What is REPETITION?

A

One of the principles of design, repetition is the
duplication of the same element or style throughout
a page layout or document. Repetition is often
paired with or used to mean the same thing as
consistency in a discussion of good graphic design
principles.

Repeating the use of the same fonts, colours, and
placement of elements such as page numbers
provides a comforting rhythm and a professionalism
to a publication.

37
Q

What is REVERSE?

A

A lighter typeface on a darker background, such as
white text on a black background, is reversed
type.

Allows text to be read, even on dark backgrounds.

38
Q

What is SCALING?

A

Increasing or decreasing the size of a graphic
without altering its proportions.

Allows the designer to change the size of a graphic
without distorting the shape.

39
Q

What is a SECONDARY COLOUR?

A

Secondary colours are produced by mixing pairs of primary colors.
They are orange, green and violet.

40
Q

What is a SHADOW?

A

A shadow effect created by offsetting a dark graphic
from the original image.

Makes a publication more dynamic. Putting a shadow
behind a graphic makes the publication look slightly
3D.

By putting a shadow behind the photo, it looks as if
it’s hovering above the paper.

41
Q

What is a SUBHEADING?

A

A secondary heading on a page. Not the main
heading/title.

Allows for more information to be seen on a page.

42
Q

What are TERTIARY COLOURS?

A

They are produced by mixing a primary and secondary
colours. They are yellow-green, blue-green,
red-orange, red-violet, yellow orange, and blue
violet.

43
Q

What is TEXT ALIGNMENT?

A

It is a way of organising text on a page. It is sometimes called JUSTIFICATION.

44
Q

What is a TEXTBOX?

A

A shaped area (usually rectangular) on a publication

where text can be typed.

45
Q

What is a TEXTURE?

A

In desktop publishing, texture comes from the paper
we use. We may also add visual textures through
the arrangement of lines and shapes or the use of
photographic images of specific surfaces.

Texture allows the designer to emphasise parts of a
document and to link it to a specific theme.

46
Q

What is TEXT WRAP?

A

A feature where text flows round a graphic object.

This keeps text close to graphics in an organised
way.

47
Q

What are THUMBNAILS?

A

A series of simple and rapidly drawn designs for a
layout.

A planning tool for publications.

The designer will sketch small versions of the final
publication to experiment with and communicate
layout ideas.

48
Q

What is TRANSPARENCY?

A

A measure of how see-through something is or how
much light can pass through. Transparency is used
most often in desktop publishing to refer to a
graphic or paper. A graphic image in which the
background appears to be invisible has 100%
transparency.

Designers will make a graphic transparent if they
don’t want it to be the main focus of the publication.

49
Q

What is UNITY?

A

When all elements in a design are consistent and
look as though they belong together.

Designers will use this so that publications with
several pages look professional and organised.

50
Q

What are VECTOR IMAGES?

A

A very simple graphic with a high quality.

Vectors describe an image according to its
geometric characteristics and can be filled with
colour.

These images may be changed in size without losing
detail.

51
Q

What is VISUAL IMPACT?

A

When a publication communicates and idea or
feeling immediately.

The use of design principles (balance, contrast,
alignment, dominance etc) allows a designer to
achieve visual impact.

52
Q

What is WHITE SPACE?

A

Area of a document that does not contain images or
type. Also called negative space.

white space is the absence of text and graphics.

White space provides visual breathing room for the
eye.

53
Q

What is WORKING ROUGH?

A

A redrawn version of the thumbnail layout that
closely resembles the final product.

Help the designer decide sizes and positioning of
items on a page before working on a computer.

A very accurate planning sheet.

Graphic Communication (2 decks)

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