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DT STUDY > DT - EXAM GUIDE > Flashcards

DT - EXAM GUIDE Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four factors of threat perception?

A
  1. Proximity of threat
  2. Time it takes to control the threat
  3. Confidence in your abilities
  4. Amount of experience
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2
Q

Examples of fear perceptions?

A

Death, Injury, Killing, failure, incorrect decisions, fear itself

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3
Q

How does physical exhaustion activate SNS?

A

Happens when you have improper nutrition or have depleted the ATP fuel system

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4
Q

How does startle response activate SNS?

A

When a threat is unexpected, spontaneous, or in close proximity.

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5
Q

What two hormones are released during SNS activation

A

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

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6
Q

What is ANS? What does it do?

A

Autonomic Nervous System. Governs vital functions in the body such as breathing, heart rate, digestion, and stress responses.

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7
Q

What are the two branches of the autonomic nervous system?

A

Sympathetic nervous system and Parasympathetic nervous system.

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8
Q

What are the physiological changes during SNS?

A

Adrenal activity, Vascular activity, Perceptual narrowing, auditory exclusion, cognitive processing, hypervigilance.

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9
Q

what are the symptoms of SNS activation?

A

Rapid breathing, cotton mouth, muscles tremors, increased Hear rate, sweaty palms, visual difficulty, loss of concentration, loss of bowel control

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10
Q

What is the inverted U law?

A

As arousal and stress increase, so does performance but if it gets too high then performance decreases?

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11
Q

what is the optimal heart rate zone?

A

115 - 145

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12
Q

how long do you have for peak performance?

A

0-15 seconds at 100%, decreases as struggle continues.

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13
Q

How can you overcome SNS activation?

A

Fitness, diet, belief system, confidence factor, motor skill selection, imagery drills, tactical breathing

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14
Q

What is PNS and what does it do?

A

Parasympathetic Nervous System (Rest and digest). It decreases heart rate, increases saliva, relaxes muscles, pupil constrict, and urine increases.

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15
Q

What are the 4 triggers of PNS backlash?

A

1.perception threat has diminished
2. perception that there is an injury
3. Trauma to a vital system
4. exhaustion

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16
Q

What are the symptoms of PNS backlash?

A

Dizziness, shock, excessive bleeding, exhaustion, muscle tremors

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17
Q

How can you recover from PNS?

A

Lay horizontally to stabilize blood pressure, eat carbs.

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18
Q

What is critical incident amnesia and how long does it take to recover?

A

It happens after SNS activation as a form of temporary amnesia that can effect memory and perception. To recover you need 2-3 sleep cycles.

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19
Q

When is it appropriate to use baton?

A

When empty hand control has failed, or officer believes it will be ineffective, weapons, multiple assailants, high end assaultive subjects.

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20
Q

What are some advantages of baton?

A

Easy to transport, psychological advantage, greater distance to engage.

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21
Q

What are some disadvantages of batons?

A

Maintenance, risk of injury, method of deployment

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22
Q

how should you deliver a baton strike?

A

100% speed and power. At a 45 or 90 degree angle

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23
Q

What are the preferred target zones of baton strikes?

A

Large muscle groups, legs (Common peroneal, Femoral, tibial) arms (Above/Below elbow, Brachial plexus (tie - in)

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24
Q

What are the secondary target zones for baton strikes?

A

Joints/Hard areas, shoulder, collarbone, chest, elbow, wrist, hand, knee, foot and shin

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25
Q

What are the lethal target zones for baton strikes?

A

Head, Neck, Spine

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26
Q

What are the control principles used when striking preferred target zones with the baton?

A

Motor dysfunction, stunning, balance displacement

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27
Q

What are the 2 types of baton retention?

A

1) Holstered
2) Drawn

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28
Q

What is OC spray?

A

Oleoresin Capsicum, inflammatory agent that can give you a tactical advantage.

29
Q

What is the minimum distance OC can be used at?

A

3 feet

30
Q

What are the physiological effects of OC spray?

A

Respiratory, skin, eyes

31
Q

Define positional asphyxia?

A

When the position of the body contributes to inadequate exchange of air.

32
Q

What is ballistic needling?

A

When the OC particles become imbedded in the eye/ Cornea (Usually because it was within 3 feet)

33
Q

what are the psychological effects of the OC Spray?

A

Focus on pain, anxiety, fear, panic, anger, goal reorientation, sense of helplessness, thought process interruption.

34
Q

What are the advantages of OC spray?

A

You can engage at a greater distance, temporary effects, easy to use, can prevent physical altercation, can prevent escalation of force.

35
Q

What are the disadvantages of OC?

A

It can cross contaminate, effected by wind and rain, threat can avoid the spray, may have eye protection, and can increase aggression.

36
Q

When should you decontaminate the subject and how?

A

When tactically safe to do so. With cold clean water, remove contacts and contaminated clothing, verbal reassurance.

37
Q

Define excited delirium?

A

A state of extreme mental and physiological excitement, characterized by agitation, hyperthermia, hostility, exceptional strength and endurance without apparent fatigue.

38
Q

What are the characteristics of excited delirium?

A

Increased pain tolerance, tachypnea, sweating, agitation, hyperthermia, lack of tiring, unusual strength, inappropriately clothed, non - compliance.

39
Q

How does excited delirium develop?

A

Police/EMS called, subject oblivious to police, multiple officers to control, become tranquil/calm, fatal cardiac/respiratory can follow.

40
Q

what is the perfect storm for excited delirium?

A

Physical restraint, behaviour needing intervention and surge of fight or flight hormones.

41
Q

What are some pre-contact strategies for excited delirium?

A

Keep distance, encourage talking, low lighting, calm/slow speech, slow movement.

42
Q

what could be the best response if an individual is suspected of excited delirium (Intervention)?

A

Identify, control, sedate and transport

43
Q

Define positional asphyxia?

A

When the body’s position contributes to the restriction of adequate air exchange.

44
Q

Objective reasonable test?

A

1 - Was the officer lawfully placed?
2 - Did the officer subjectively believed that the use of force was reasonable.
3 - would a reasonable person believe that the use of force used was reasonable.

45
Q

What is the A.I.M Model?

A

Ability - able bodied
intent - verbal or physical
means - delivery system.

46
Q

Use of force principle?

A

Public safety
officer Safety
continuous risk assessment
best strategy

47
Q

What are the officer response options?

A
  • Officer presence - Perception and tactical considerations is officer based
  • communications
  • physical control
  • intermediate weapons
  • lethal force
48
Q

What are the subject behaviour category?

A

cooperative
passive resistor
Active resistor
assaultive
grievous bodily harm/death

49
Q

What are two types of neck restraint and the difference?

A
  • respiratory and vascular.
  • Respiratory has a higher risk of serious injury or death and is applied to the trachea.
  • Vascular is safer by reducing blood flow to the brain using the sides of the neck.
50
Q

What are the physiological factors to the shoulder pin?

A
  1. Venous Compression
  2. Vagus Stimulation
  3. Carotid Compression
  4. Valsalva Maneuver
51
Q

What are the 5 technical aspects to the application of the shoulder pin?

A
  1. Approach
  2. Arm placement
  3. Grip
  4. compression
  5. Takedown procedure
52
Q

How long for a subject to wake up after losing consciousness after a shoulder a pin restraint?

A

5-30 seconds

53
Q

What are the three level of compressions (Shoulder pin)?

A
  1. Rear neck level, no compression
  2. Mechanical compression until conscious compliance.
  3. Compression until unconsciousness.
54
Q

How many angles of attack are there when a knife is involved and how many defense zones?

A

5 Angles and 5 defense zones

55
Q

What are the 5 common characteristics of edged weapon attacks?

A
  1. Close range
  2. typically not brandished
  3. majority are right-handed
  4. Off hand is used to gauge distance
  5. It is repetitive
56
Q

Knives have stopping power through?

A
  1. psychological effect
  2. pain
  3. damage to major organ
  4. blood loss
  5. damage to the nervous system
  6. structural damage
57
Q

What is the triangle of death in edged weapon theory?

A

Small area just above collar of your vest located around the throat.

58
Q

Legal authority for use of force?

A

CCC Section 25 - As much force as necessary to gain compliance
CCC Section 26 - Excessive use of force
CCC Section 27 - Authority to prevent a commission of crime/Offence.

59
Q

Use of force impact factors?

A
  • Subject: age, size, gender, number of subjects, training, history, flight risk, audience, weapons
  • Environment: weather, time of the day, encampment, isolated, on view, lighting, footing
  • Officer: age, training, subject knowledge, position, time and distance, equipment, position, injuries, number of officers, response time for back up.
60
Q

7 Tactical principles?

A

Winning Mentality
Cover and concealment
Time: distance ratio
One Plus One Rule
Threat Cues
De – escalation
Verbal Commands

61
Q

5 Areas of risk in use of force

A

Hands, Weapons, Friends and associates, escape route, Environment

62
Q

Reactionary gap? Two types?

A

6 Feet,
Inside Gap - Less than 6 feet -
Outside Gap - More than 6 feet

63
Q

Handcuffing - D.SALPS

A
  • Double lock
  • search
  • Ask
  • Look
  • Pat
  • Squeeze
64
Q

Tactical consideration in handcuffing is based around three concepts?

A
  • Approach to contact
  • Control upon first touch
  • Speed of application
65
Q

Types of subjects - Handcuffing theory

A
  • Totally cooperative
  • Potentially uncooperative – most
    dangerous to handcuff.
  • Totally uncooperative
66
Q

What circumstances would it be reasonable to handcuff a subject?

A
  • Committed a crime
  • Escape risk
  • Safety hazard
67
Q

Control principles - PSA & stuns

A
  • Pain compliance
  • Stunning techniques
  • Distraction techniques
  • Balance displacement
  • Motor dysfunction
68
Q

Pain Sensitive areas - PSA &Stuns

A
  • Verbal direction
  • Pressure and counter pressure
  • Apply suddenly, reward
    compliance
69
Q
A

DT STUDY (1 decks)

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