Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Dr. C. SKIN & MEMBRANE > Dt. C. SKIN & MEMBRANE > Flashcards

Dt. C. SKIN & MEMBRANE Flashcards

1
Q

The term MEMBRANE refers to…

A

Thin, Sheet-Like Structures that have I_mportant Functions in the Body._

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

TWO MAJOR TYPES of Body Membranes:

A
  1. EPITHELIAL TISSUE MEMBRANES:
    * Composed of EPITHELIAL TISSUE and an Underlying Layer of Specialized Connective Tissue
  2. CONNECTIVE TISSUE MEMBRANES:
    * Composed Exclusively of Various Types of Connective Tissue.

No epithelial cells are present in this type of membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

THREE TYPES of EPITHELIAL TISSUE MEMBRANES in the body:

A
  1. Cutaneous Membrane
  2. Serous Membranes
  3. Mucous Membranes

– And ONE TYPE of CONNECTIVE TISSUE MEMBRANE

  1. Synovial Membrane
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

CUTANEOUS MEMBRANE:

A

Is the SKIN and is the PRIMARY ORGAN of the integumentary system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

EPITHELIAL SHEET IS A THIN…

A
  1. THIN LAYER of Simple Squamous Epithelium.

Connective tissue layer forms a Very Thin, Glue-Like Basement Membrane that holds and supports the epithelial cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

SEROUS MEMBRANE:

LINE BODY CAVITIES & COVERS SURFACE ORGANS

COVERING WHAT–> TWO DIFFERENT SURFACES..

A

1. PARIETAL PORTION: Lines the Walls of a Body Cavity much like wallpaper.

​

2. VISCERAL PORTION: Covers the Surface of Organs in body cavities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

THORACIC CAVITY :

THE SEROUS MEMBRANES ARE CALLED:

A

PLEURA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

ABDOMINAL CAVITY IS CALLED:

A

PERITONEUM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

PERICARDIUM

A

PERICARDIUM is the Fluid Filled Sac that SURROUNDS THE HEART and the

  • PROXIMAL ENDS of the AORTA,
  • VENA CAVA, and the
  • PULMONARY ARTERY
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

PERICARDIAL MEMBRANES

• The Pericardium is actually Divided into THREE layers:

A

1. FIBROUSPericardium

2. PARIETAL Pericardium

3. VISCERALPericardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

SEROUS Membranes

SECRETE A THIN, WATERY FLUID that HELPS REDUCE FRICTION. THRY ARE…

A
  • PLEURISY: is a very Painful Pathological Condition Inflammation of the serous membranes that LINE THE CHEST.
  • PERITONITIS: Inflammation of the serous membranes in the ABDOMINAL CAVITY.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

MUCOUS MEMBRANES: ARE…

A
  • EPITHELIAL MEMBRANES:
  • CONTAINING BOTH an EPITHELIAL CELLandaFIBROUSorCONNECTIVEtissuelayer.
  • LINING THE RESPIRATORY, DIGESTIVE, URINARY, and REPRODUCTIVE TRACTS.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

EPITHELIAL MUCOUS MEMBRANES:

CELL COMPISITION IS EITHER…

A

STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS

or

SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

EPITHELIAL MUCOUS MEMBRANES:

ESOPHAGUS

A
  • ESOPHAGUS … tough, Abrasion-Resistant Stratified Squamous epithelium is found. …
  • EXAMPLE: “Form Follows Function” Principle.
  • DIGESTIVE TRACK:.. THIN LAYER of SIMPLE COLUMNAR
  • STOMACH and SMALL INTESTINES…. FOOD IS CHANGED INTO SMOOTH, LIQUEFIED NO LONGER ABRASIVE.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

EPITHELIAL MUCOUS MEMBRANES:

MUCOCUTANEOUS JUNCTION

A
  • TRANSITIONAL AREA where Skin and Mucous Membranes meet.
  • HAIR:.. Lack Accessory Organs.
  • SITES of INFECTION or IRRITATION include:…

Eyelids - Lips - Nasal Openings - Vulva - Anus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

LAMINA PROPRIA

A

Fibrous Connective Tissue underlying the Epithelium in mucous membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

CONNECTIVE TISSUE MEMBRANES

A

Connective Tissue Membranes DO NOT CONTAIN… Epithelial Components.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

SYNOVIAL FLUID: ARE…

A
  • Smooth , Slick and Secrete a Thick, Colorless Lubricating Fluid.
  • BURSEA: line the Small, Cushion-Like Sacs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

THE SKIN PLAYS A KEY ROLE IN REGULATING THE BODY’S TEMPERATURE.

A

Hot and Humid day the skin can release almost 3,000 calories of body heat—enough heat to boil more than 20 liters of water!

Evaporation is basic to cooling systems.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

THE SKIN FUNCTIONS

AS AN ENORMOUS SENSE ORGAN

A

Millions of Nerve Endings serve as Antennas or Receivers for the body,

Keeping it Informed of Changes in its Environment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Synthesis of Vitamin D

A

Occurs when the Skin is Exposed to UV light.

When this occurs, a PRECURSOR substance in skin cells is Transported to the Liver and Kidneys where it is Converted intoVitamin D.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Vitamin D3

A
  • Epidermal cells produce Cholecalciferol(vitamin D3)In the Presence of UV Radiation
    • Liver and kidneys… Convert Vitamin D3 into Calcitriol
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The Integument is the largest system of the body

A

16% of body weight

1.5 to 2 m2 in area

The INTEGUMENT is made up of TWO parts:

  • CUTANEOUS Membrane (skin)
  • ACCESSORY structures
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The Cutaneous Membrane has TWO Components

A
  • EPIDERMIS
  • The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin. It is a relatively thin sheet of stratified squamous epithelium.
  • DERMIS
    • The dermis is the deeper of the two layers. It is thicker than the epidermis and is made up largely of connective tissue.
25
Q

Epidermis

A
  • THIN Skin
    • Covers most of the body
    • Has FOUR Layers of keratinocytes
  • THICK Skin
    • Covers the palms of the Hands and Soles of the feet
    • Has FIVE Layers of keratinocytes
26
Q

Structures of the Epidermis: THICK SKIN - FIVE Strata of keratinocytes

A
  • FromBASALLaminatoFree Surface:
    • Stratum Corneum
      • Stratum Lucidum
      • Stratum Granulosum
      • Stratum Spinosum
      • Stratum Germinativum
27
Q

The “Germinative Layer”

A
  • Has many germinative (stem) cells or BASAL CELLS
  • The cells of the Stratum Germinativumundergo Mitosis and Reproduce Themselves
28
Q

Stratum Basale ( = The “Germinative Layer”)

A
  • ONLY CELL that Undergo Mitosis.
    • Mitosis is… Growth! …. Generates Cells that Push Upward
29
Q

Stratum Granulosum

A

Cells STOP dividing; begin producingKeratin

30
Q

KeraTiniZation

A

It takes 2 to 4 weeks for a cell to Move from Stratum Germinativum to Stratum Corneum

31
Q

Hyperkeratosis

A

IF too much keratin builds up, skin can crackbecauseKeratin isn’t elastic

32
Q

Capillaries and Skin Color

Blood flow Decreases, Skin Pales

A

Skin turns a Blue-Gray Color — a Condition called Cyanosis

33
Q

Melanin, Carotene, and Hemoglobin

A

Are the THREE​ PIGMENTS that impart a Wide Variety of Colors To Skin

34
Q

MELANIN PIGMENT​

A
  • Produced by Melanocytes in Stratum Germinativum
    • Stored in transport vesiclesMelanosomes
35
Q

The Amount of Melanin - Causes the Skin’s Color to vary from Pale Yellow to Reddish-Brown to Black

A

Produced by Melanocytes in Gtratum Germinativum

Stored in Transport Vesicles ( Melanosomes )

36
Q

What Besides Genes Influence Skin Color?

A
  • SUN: Stimulates Melanocytes to Increase Melanin Production
    • AGE: Apoptosis
    • EXCESSVITAMIN A:CanTurn you Orange….
    • JAUNDACE: Yellow Skin from Destruction of Red Blood Cells
    • BLOOD FLOW:RedorBlue…BlushingorCyanosis
    • BRUISING: Red, Purple, Green, Brown, Yellow as blood gets broken down.
37
Q

Function of Melanocytes

A
  • Ultraviolet (UV) Radiation
  • Skin color depends on melanin production, NOT on the number of melanocytes
38
Q

Dermal-Epidermal Junction

A

The junction that exists between the Thin Epidermal Layer of Skin Above and the Dermal Layer Belowforms a Specialized Type of Basement Membrane

39
Q

Dermal Papillae

A

Small Nipple-Like Bumps that project upwardfrom theDermis into the Epidermis

40
Q

The Dermis - Has TWO Components

A

​

  • A) Outer papillary layer
    • B) Deep reticular layer
41
Q

The Papillary Layer

A
  • Contains SMALLERCapillaries,Lymphatics, andSensory Neurons
  • Dermal Papillae: Characterized by Parallel Rows of Tiny Bumps
  • These form an Important Part of the Dermal- Epidermal Junction that Helps Bind the Skin Layers Together.
42
Q

Reticular Layer

A
  • Contains Larger Blood Vessels**, **Lymph Vessels**, and **Nerve Fibers
    • Hair Follicles are in this layer
43
Q

Subcutaneous Tissueis often called the​Superficial Fasciaby Anatomists

A
  • Lies Deep to the Dermis and Forms a Connection Between the Skin and Underlying Structures of the Body Such as Muscle
44
Q

Distribution Patterns Determined by Hormones

A
  • Stabilizes the skin
    • Allows Separate Movement
    • Reduced by Cosmetic Liposuction
    • Is Connected to the Reticular Layer of Integument by Connective Tissue Fibers
45
Q

Hair - Hair Follicles - Sebaceous Glands - Sweat Glands, and Nails

A
  • Are Integumentary Accessory Structures
46
Q

Hair Follicle

A
  • Hair growth begins when cells of the epidermal layer of the skin grow down into the dermis, forming a small tube called the *hair follicle*.
  • Hair Papilla: Hair growth begins from a Small, Cap-shaped Cluster of Cells which is located at the Base of the Follicle.
  • As long as Cells in the Papilla of the Hair Follicle Remain Alive, New Hair will Replace Any That is Cut or Clucked.
47
Q

Arrector Pili

A

A Tiny, Smooth (Involuntary) Muscle Can Be. It is called an Arrector Pili

48
Q

Oil Glands - Sebacious glands - Sweat Glands

A
  • OIL GLANDS
    • Sebacious glands
      • Secrete sebum
  • ###### SWEAT GLANDS
  • TWO types:
    • Apocrine Glands and
    • Merocrine (Eccrine) Glands
49
Q

Sweat Glands (Merocrine) – Produce ‘Sweat’

A
  • Functions of Merocrine Sweat Gland Activity:
    • Cool the Skin
        • Excretes Water and Electrolytes
        • Flushes Microorganisms and Harmful Chemicals from Skin
50
Q

Sweat Glands ( Apocrine )

A
  • Found in Armpits**, around **Nipples**, and **Groin
    • Secrete Products into Hair Follicles
51
Q

Sebum

A
  • Lubricates and Protects the Epidermis
    • Inhibits Bacterial Growth
52
Q

BURNS

A
  • Burns constitute One of the Most Serious and Frequent Problems that Affect the Skin.
53
Q

Rule of Nines

A

Body is Divided into 11 Areas of 9% each,

Area around the Genitals Representing the Additional 1%.

9% of the Skin Covers the Head and Each Upper Extremity

54
Q

1st - 2nd - 3rd DEGREE BURNS

A

First-degree burns:

  • Causes MINOR Discomfort and some Reddening of the Skin.

Second Degree Burns:

  • Complete Destruction of the dermis DOSE NOT occur.
  • Partial-Thickness Burns.

Thrird Degree Burns:

  • Complete Destruction of the Epidermis and​ Dermis.
  • Fuid Loss that Results VERY SERIOUS. Great Risk of Infection!
55
Q

BURNS DISCRIPTION CHART

A
56
Q

3 Most Common Types of Skin Cancer are…

A
  • Squamous cell carcinoma
  • Basal cell carcinoma
  • Malignantmelanoma
  • Kaposi Sarcomais arare form of skin cancer frequently associated withAIDSand otherimmunedeficiencies.
57
Q

Common Type of Skin Cancer

A
  • Slow-Growing Malignant Tumor of the Epidermis
58
Q

MOST COMMON TYPE of SKIN CANCER

A

BASAL CELL CARCINOMA

Dr. C. SKIN & MEMBRANE (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions