Dt All Flashcards
What is the FSC logo ?
-The forest stewardship council is a non profit making orginisation to protect the sustainability of forests
- A product carrying this logo shows that the timber they are using comes from a forest managed in a sustainable way
What is an alloy ?
Metals forming by mixing together two or more metals to produce a new metal that has improved charicteristics .
What are polymers made from ?
-Polymers are made from crude oil .
- monomers are combined to form long strands
Thermoforming polymers ?
-They can be reheated and therefore shaped in various ways
-re heating them weakens the bonds so much that they become liable to re-shaping
- they are high recyclable , eco-friendly manufacturing .
- cons -if heated may melt , more expensive
High - impact polystyrene properities ?
-glass like texture , good dimensional strength , heat resistant
-uses: yogart containers , plastic cutlery
High - density polystyrene ?
Flexible, translucent , low cost , good low temperature toughness
- insulate walls
Polyethylene terephthate ?
-High strength, very low moisture desorbation , good chemical resistance
- textiles , packaging, litre bottles
Acrylic ?
-very high mechanical strength and hardness , easy to polish , low water absorption, transparent
-glass lenses , acrylic nails , bath-tub,
Polypropylene ?
-Semi-riged , good chemical resistance , tough , translucent , good heat resistance
- textiles , hot bevarage cups .
What are Thermosetting polymers ?
Once ‘set’ these plastics cannot be reheated to soften,shape or mould . They have a tridimensional lattice structure making the bonds between them very strong .
Pros -high heat resistance , excellent appearence , cost effective
Cons - cannot be recycled , difficult to apply surface finnish
What is QA?
QA - quality assurance
- it doesnt check the quality of the final product , but the quality of all system of the production line . Thinks more about customer then then the standards
What is QC ?
- quality control
-The process of inspecting productsto ensure that they meet the required quality standards. - it undergoes physical tests (e.g dropped from a height etc )
What is the kilemark trademark ?
- this is linked to production and it assures the service quality and that safety is paramount .
What is the lion mark ?
This is a brittish consumer symbol developed in 1988 and is used to identify toys as safe and of a high quality
What are smart materials ?
Smart materials are designed materials that are changed by an external stimuli such as temperature moisture electric or magnetic feilds or uv light
What are some Timber manufacturing processes ?
Routering : shape , cut or create designs in wood . Different tools for differnet things
Turning : peices of timber are rotated and cutting tools are used to shape it
Laminating : thin strips of wood glued together in a former .
Steam bending : peices of timber can be bent by straming them as it temporarily softens them
Kerfing : adding thin saw cuts into wood you can make it flexible and make curved shapes
What are the plastic manufacturing processes ?
Line bending : typically acrylic used , heated to 160oc polymer become pliable jigs are used to keep in place .
Injection moulding : plastic granules into hopper , heated jackets around screw melt polymer then the hydralic ram forces the plastic into the mould . Then the plastic is allowed to cool .
Extrusion : feeds grandules into a heater , they melt and forced through a die making shapes, dried
Vacuum forming : mould placed into former , heated former raised air suction , cool then removed.
Blow moulding : mould opened , hollow tube - parison is heated and put it , mould is shut and air is forced into mould at high pressure forced to mould into sides then cooled
What are the scales of production ?
-One off production - expensive , long time to make , made from skilled craftsmakers
- batch production - all are identical , made in small batches , cost 2-10k
-mass production - produces in high volumes 10k+, high demand , cost ranges
- continuous production - cheap , factories found in developing countries
- Just in time - product made to a time schedule , everything exact times , production , shipping . Apple use this .
What are the wastage metal manufacturing proccesses ?
- turning - same as timber but with metal
- sawing - you can use a junior hacksaw for polymers , metals and timbers for small jobs but a hacksaw can be removed from the frame and replaced when the teeth become blunt
- milling - milling is similar to routering but due to metals being cut they have more durable cutting tools .
-drilling - instead of a pillar drill or a slot drill (milling) high speed steel twist drill does this with a bit more accuracy and speed . - cutting and sheering - cutting and slicing action . Cutting - some saws cut thicker planks
What is the term wastage ?
Cutting away material with tools and equipment .
What are the addition proccesses of metal ?
Welding - usually metals , melting work peices and adding a filler material to form a pool of malten material when dried strengthens the material .
Brazing - metal joining process where a filler metal is heated and applied between two or more fitting parts close .
Soldering - where 2 or more metal parts are put together by melting and flowing soilder into a joint . The soilder must have a lower boiling point then adjoining metal .
What is deforming and reforming ? ( bending and casting)
Bending and casting
- bending - simplest form of forming a metal , bending it with a vice or just hollowing it using jigs
Casting - pewter casting - low tech add pewter into a mould let it dry remove it .
Sand casting - oldest form of casting still used today
What is UCD ?
Placing people at the heart of a design and its where designers focus on users needs in each phase of the design process .
What is ergonomics ?
- The study of how well and comfortably people can interact with products and systems
- it should improve peoples life when using it increasing comfort and satisfaction and interaction .
What is anthropometrics ?
This is the practice of taking human body measurments and provides catagorised data for designers .
- hairdryer - people hand sizes
What is the normative data of anthropometrics shown as ?
There is a 0-5 th percentile of people who are very small
50th percentile - people average size
95-100th percentile are for prople who are very tall
What are the 6 R’s
Reduce
Recycle
Refuse
Reuse
Repair
Rethink
What does reduce mean ?
Cut down the amount of material and energy you use as much as possible
What does reuse mean ?
Use a product to make something else with all parts of it
What does recycle mean ?
Reproccess a material or product and make something else
What does repair mean ?
When a product breaks down or doesnt work properly fix it
What does refuse mean ?
Dont use a material or buy a product if you dont need it or if its bad for people or the environment
What does rethink mean ?
Do we make to many products ? Design in a way that considers people and the environment
What do the 6 R’s promote ?
How we can live a more sustainable life and how we can lessen the impact on our environment .
What is sustainability ?
Can be broken down into 3 social environment and economic .
It is the proccess of replacing environmentally harmful equipments with renewable equipment
What are the properties ferrous metal ?
- contains iron
- magnetic
- carbon content makes it prone to corrosion when exposed to moisture and oxygen
- very hard , malleability - the more the carbon content the harder due to bonds
What is an example of a ferrous metal ?
Cast iron , low carbon steel , high carbon steel
What are the properties of a non-ferrous metal ?
- doesnt contain iron
- corrosion resistant
- many are not magnetic - good for phones
What are non - ferrous metals ?
Aluminium , copper , zinc
What is a jig ?
A device you line material up to repeat an operation accurately time after time
What is a mould ?
A shaped cavity where liquid is poured until it solidifies
What is a former ?
A construction used to help with shaping operation e.g laminating
What are the 5 scales of production ?
One off production
Batch production
Mass production
Continous production
Just in time production
What is sustainability ?
The process of replacing environmentally harmful equipment with renewable equipment
It supports a process by replacing it for long periods of time
What does PPE stand for in terms of health and safety ?
Personal protective equipment
Give me the features of staining timber ?
- applied to enhance or change the natural colour of the timber
- applied with a brush or cloth
- does not give protection
Give me the features of timber preservatives ?
-these products are applied to repel water and moisture and sometimes resist insect attacks
- traditionally , brown colours , recently a range of colours
Give me features of timber varnishes ?
- varnish can achieve similar finnish look to polish but gives better protection to the surface
- build up in layers each layer dry before sanding
- final coat can have a wax applied for a high quality finish
Give me the features of timber oils ?
-oils are applied to enhance the natural oils already in the wood
- applied with a cloth
- build up of layers
- oil soaks into timber enhancing its ability to repel moisture without creating a layer on top of the wood
- will need recoating
Who is responsible for the social economic and environmental challanges of design ?
Designer maker retailer consumer have a shared responsibility
Hwo can designers tackle global warming ?
- different materials
- alternate energy to power machienes
- use less materials
- consume less power
- design products that cna be recycled end of use
5 design stratergies ?
Collaberation : more ideas , resorces , broader experience , sharing information
User-centred design : gain specialist knowledge , client invloved in process
Systems approach : breaking down the design process into different stages doing one at a time
Iterative design : constant evaluation and improvement , easy to track problems and fix them
Designing from material forms - biomimicary : nature solved past problems , pattern and structure of nature
What is a carbon footprint ?
The amount of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere as a result of the actions of an individual orginisation or community
Effects and features of mining ?
Fuel ,metal ,non metal , gems
Explosives are used to clear ground
Surface mining : minerals extracted from earths surface
Underground : digging deep tunnels used when they are deep below surface
Effects : environmental damage , health risks and climate impact
Features of drilling (oilrigs)?
Rigs are often built offshore
Some are built in sea to reach oil and gas which arent accessible through land
What is automation in industry ?
- Automation produce products of a consistent high standard
- low cost due to numbers produced
- products are produced quickly
- very expensive to set up , costly if anything breaks
What helps designers improve their sketches ?
CAD : computer aided design
Enterprise : give me the 4 parts of it ?
Crowd funding : internet based way to gain small contributions from investors
Fairtrade : a movement aiming to achieve fair and better conditions and that promotes sustainibility in develpoing countries
Virtual marketing and retial : includes : websites,social media,email . To spread work this has become popular way to launch products
Cooperatives : a buisness owned , goverend and sef managed by its workers
Where does our energy come from ?
Fossil fuels : are formed from the fossilised remains of plants and animals over millions of years
Coal,oil,gas are extracted through mining and drilling
What is fracking ?
Drilling into layers of shale rock deep in the earth to release pockets of gas
Water sand and chemicals are injected to force gas back up
What are for and against for wind turbines ?
For : low maintanance , clean energy ,higher winter output, low cost energy
Against : only work when windy , eyesore to some , hazard to birds and noisy
