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Defensive Tactics > DT > Flashcards

DT Flashcards

1
Q

prone position

A

lying on the stomach, face down) contacting the ground with the palms,
forearms, and feet, turning your head to the side, and exhaling on impact

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2
Q

Defensive tactics

A

system of controlled defensive and offensive body
movements that criminal justice officers use to respond to a subject’s aggression
or resistance

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3
Q

Hip Escapes

A

allow you to move from side to side to avoid or defend against an attack

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4
Q

Shrimping

A

The movement in a hip escape. You can use it to escape from certain ground positions, such as side control,
full mount

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5
Q

Cardiovascular training

A

any exercise that elevates the heart rate to a range of 60% to 85% of the maximum rate

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6
Q

776

A

governs all use of force by criminal justice officers

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7
Q

776.05

A

addresses the issue of an officer using force to make an arrest:

A law enforcement officer, or any person whom the officer has summoned or directed to assist
him or her, need not retreat or desist from efforts to make a lawful arrest because of resistance or
threatened resistance to the arrest. The officer is justified in the use of any force:

(1) Which he or she reasonably believes to be necessary to defend himself or herself or another
from bodily harm while making the arrest;

(2) When necessarily committed in retaking felons who have escaped; or

(3) When necessarily committed in arresting felons fleeing from justice. However, this subsection
does not constitute a defense in any civil action for damages brought for the wrongful use of
deadly force unless the use of deadly force was necessary to prevent the arrest from being
defeated by such flight and, when feasible, some warning had been given, and:

(a) The officer reasonably believes that the fleeing felon poses a threat of death or serious
physical harm to the officer or others; or

(b) The officer reasonably believes that the fleeing felon has committed a crime involving the
infliction or threatened infliction of serious physical harm to another person.

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8
Q

944

A

addresses the use of force specifically by state correctional
and correctional probation officers

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9
Q

945

A

establishes that the Department of Corrections has jurisdiction over the supervisory and protective care, custody, and control of
inmates and offenders.

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10
Q

944.35

A

(1)(a) An employee of the department is authorized to apply physical force upon an inmate only
when and to the extent that it reasonably appears necessary:

  1. To defend himself or herself or another against such other imminent use of unlawful force;
  2. To prevent a person from escaping from a state correctional institution when the officer reasonably
    believes that person is lawfully detained in such institution;
  3. To prevent damage to property;
  4. To quell a disturbance;
  5. To overcome physical resistance to a lawful command; or
  6. To administer medical treatment only by or under the supervision of a physician or his or her
    designee and only:

a. When treatment is necessary to protect the health of other persons, as in the case of contagious
or venereal diseases; or

b. When treatment is offered in satisfaction of a duty to protect the inmate against self-inflicted
injury or death.

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11
Q

objective reasonableness

A

The courts decide whether an officer’s
use of force is a appropriate response to a subject’s resistance

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12
Q

Appropriate
force

A

the amount of force reasonably necessary to make an arrest

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13
Q

The Supreme Court

A

has made clear that use of force is a seizure under the Fourth Amendment

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14
Q

An officer’s goal is to achieve

A

subject compliance

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15
Q

Compliance

A

verbal or physical yielding to an officer’s authority without
apparent threat of resistance or violence

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16
Q

Escalation

A

increasing the use of force or resistance

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17
Q

De-escalation

A

decreasing the
use of force or resistance

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18
Q

Disengagement

A

discontinuing a command or physical use of force, for example, by breaking
away from a subject

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19
Q

Force Guidelines

A

provide a framework for making decisions involving the reasonable use of force by criminal
justice officers.

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20
Q

Passive resistance

A

subject’s verbal or physical refusal to comply with
an officer’s lawful direction, causing the officer to use physical techniques
to establish control

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21
Q

Active resistance

A

subject’s use of physically evasive movements directed
toward the officer, such as bracing, tensing, pushing, or pulling to
prevent the officer from establishing control over the subject

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22
Q

Aggressive resistance

A

hostile, attacking movements that may cause injury
but are not likely to cause death or great bodily harm to the officer or
others

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23
Q

Deadly force resistance

A

hostile, attacking movements with or without a
weapon that create a reasonable perception by the officer that the subject
intends to cause and has the capability of causing death or great bodily harm to the officer or others

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24
Q

Try to resolve a situation with

A

the least amount of force necessary

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25
Q

Physical force

A

includes physical control, using less
lethal weapons, and deadly force

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26
Q

Officer presence

A

your ability to convey to subjects and onlookers that
you are able and ready to take control

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27
Q

Command presence

A

your demeanor and the way you exhibit confidence through erect posture, alertness, and attention
to surroundings.

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28
Q

Physical control

A

achieving compliance or custody through the use of
empty-hand or leverage-enhanced
techniques, such as pain compliance,
transporters, restraint devices, takedowns, and striking techniques

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29
Q

less lethal weapon

A

not fundamentally designed to cause death or
great bodily harm. Some examples include electronic control devices
(ECD), conducted electrical weapons (CEW), expandable batons, flashlights, and chemical agent sprays

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30
Q

776.06

A

The term “deadly force” means force that is likely to cause death or great bodily harm and
includes, but is not limited to:

(a) The firing of a firearm in the direction of the person to be arrested, even though no intent
exists to kill or inflict great bodily harm; and

(b) The firing of a firearm at a vehicle in which the person to be arrested is riding.

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31
Q

776.07

A

A correctional officer or other law enforcement officer is justified in the use of force, including
deadly force, which he or she reasonably believes to be necessary to prevent the escape from
a penal institution of a person whom the officer reasonably believes to be lawfully detained in
such institution under sentence for an offense or awaiting trial or commitment for an offense

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32
Q

943.1735

A

defines excessive use of force as force that exceeds
the degree of force permitted by law, policy, or the observing officer’s employing agency

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33
Q

criteria for making deadly force decisions

A

ability, opportunity,
intent

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34
Q

Ability

A

refers to the subject’s having the means to carry out their intent to
cause death or great bodily harm

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35
Q

Opportunity

A

means the subject is capable of acting on a plan to cause death or great bodily harm to the officer or
others.

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36
Q

Intent

A

subject’s intention to voluntarily make the bodily movement that becomes the act to commit a criminal
offense

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37
Q

totality of circumstances

A

considers the overall facts of a situation
to determine if you had the authority to detain someone for committing
a crime or to perform a legal search

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38
Q

situational factors

A
  • severity of the crime
  • subject as an immediate threat
  • subject’s mental or psychiatric history, if known to the officer
  • subject’s violent history, if known to the officer
  • subject’s combative skills, if known to the officer
  • subject’s access to weapons, if known to the officer
  • innocent bystanders who could be harmed
  • number of subjects versus number of officers
  • duration of confrontation
  • subject’s size, age, weight, and physical condition
  • officer’s size, age, weight, physical condition, and defensive tactics expertise
  • environmental factors, such as physical terrain, weather conditions, and so on.
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39
Q

Survival stress

A

body and mind’s response to a perceived threat

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40
Q

reaction to survival stress

A

fight, flight, posture, or submit

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41
Q

submit

A

completely
relinquish control to another

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42
Q

fine motor skills

A

the muscle control required to make small, precise movements, such as
unlocking handcuffs with a key

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43
Q

gross motor skills

A

movements of the large or major muscles of the body to do
things like run, punch, or kick

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44
Q

complex motor skills

A

tasks that require a combination of fine and gross motor skills using
hand-eye coordination timed to a single event, such as driving a vehicle

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45
Q

Threat Awareness Spectrum

A

illustration of how survival stress
may affect your reaction to a perceived challenge or threat

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46
Q

White

A

Unaware that a
threat exists,
Attention is
unfocused or
preoccupied, and the
officer is oblivious to
potential danger in
their environment.

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47
Q

Yellow

A

General awareness
of possible threats,
Attention is focused,
and the officer scans
the environment for
potential threats

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48
Q

Orange

A

Recognition that a
threat exists, awareness of a
specific threat
encourages
preplanning and
more intense focus.
Physical indicators of
stress may become
evident.

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49
Q

Red

A

Specific threat
identified and
appropriate actions
taken, The threat is
assessed and
managed through
intensified cognitive
and physical
reactions. Survival
stress functions
become optimum

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50
Q

Black

A

Threat mismanaged
due to panicked
stress response, Survival stress
functions break
down. Submission
or freezing may
occur. An officer
may overreact,
underreact, or not
react to a situation

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51
Q

You can increase your coping
skills and better prepare for the effects of stress by doing the following:

A
  • preplan
  • stay physically fit
  • get enough rest
  • keep a nutritious diet
  • use controlled breathing techniques
  • rely on techniques that involve gross motor movements rather than fine motor skills
  • train under realistic environmental conditions designed to mirror high-stress
    scenarios
  • anticipate the possibility of resistance with every subject encounter
  • stay proficient in physical and mental skills
  • stay proficient with firearms and other issued equipment
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52
Q

balance

A

Maintaining
a ______ posture is essential in performing any technique. To achieve ________ your head and
hips must be aligned and your weight distributed evenly between your feet

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53
Q

Balance displacement

A

controlling technique used to break the subject’s balance through
the use of leverage principles

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54
Q

leverage

A

using a great force against a weaker resistance. It is used in conjunction with joint manipulation
or pain and mechanical compliance to gain control

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55
Q

pain compliance

A

subject’s response to a combination of pain and verbal commands to stop
resisting.

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56
Q

mechanical compliance

A

An officer may gain control over a subject by applying
pressure or leverage on a joint by locking it up so that no movement
of the joint is possible, causing the subject to comply with verbal direction

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57
Q

joint manipulation

A

An officer may gain control over a subject by bending or twisting a joint in a direction that will
cause pain or discomfort to the joint.

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58
Q

motor dysfunction

A

An officer may gain control over a subject by using an incapacitation technique that causes temporary
impairment of muscular control

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59
Q

penetrating strike

A

officer strikes a muscle so that the striking object penetrates the
muscle and nerves of the target area. This is a full transfer of kinetic energy that increases the power of the strike.

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60
Q

clinch

A

technique that involves holding a person tightly in a close position

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61
Q

Communication

A

exchanging information through verbal and non-verbal
methods.

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62
Q

Dialogue

A

controlled, unemotional communication between an officer and a subject aimed at problem-solving
and communication

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63
Q

Verbal direction

A

use of proper, clear, and concise commands to let a person know what you need or expect them
to do

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64
Q

Touch

A

non-threatening,
non-custodial
physical contact and can be used to support or emphasize a verbal command

65
Q

Verbal cues

A

abnormal stuttering, serious and explicit swearing, and specific verbal threats

66
Q

Non-verbal
cues

A
  • increased breathing
  • stopping of all movement
  • clenched fists and quivering hands
  • refusal to show palms of hands
  • reddened or flushed face
  • prominent expanding veins on face and forearms
  • shifting of shoulders or change of stance
  • glancing at a target area (target glance)
  • ignoring the officer
  • rapid, angry movements
67
Q

excited delirium

A

someone may overheat easily, be hostile, and show superhuman
strength.

68
Q

Sudden In-Custody
Death Syndrome (SICDS)

A

broad classification for unexplained in-custody
deaths

69
Q

environmental factors

A

weather, traffic conditions, terrain,
and the presence of animals, bystanders, and potential weapons

70
Q

Stances

A

refer to how you stand when you interact with a subject or when they
approach you.

71
Q

Interview Stance

A
  1. Stand with head, hips, and feet aligned.
  2. Plant your feet shoulder-width
    apart with the knees slightly bent.
  3. Angle your body to the subject with the strong side away.
  4. Place your hands above waist level.
72
Q

Offensive Ready Stance

A
  1. Stand with your head, hips, and feet aligned and your chin tucked.
  2. Plant your feet slightly wider than shoulder-width
    apart with
    the knees slightly bent.
  3. Angle your body so that your strong side is away from the subject. Place your hands just below eye level
    and toward your center.
73
Q

Relative positioning

A

describes where you stand or position
yourself in relation to the subject

74
Q

Reactionary gap

A

the distance you must keep between you and the
subject to react effectively against a sudden threat. This
distance is generally 6–9 feet if you have visual control of the subject’s
hands, or 25 feet when you cannot see their hands.

75
Q

Danger zone

A

anywhere inside the reactionary gap

76
Q

Body movement

A

refers to how you approach a subject or enter a scene

77
Q

Visual control

A

the ability to see both of the subject’s hands and to know that they are not holding any
weapons.

78
Q

When approaching a subject, you may use the following hand-clearing
technique:

A
  1. Maintain an appropriate reactionary gap.
  2. Visually scan the area for potential threats.
  3. Assume an appropriate stance.
  4. Identify yourself as an officer, if appropriate.
  5. Use clear, concise verbal commands.
  6. Tell the subject to expose both palms.
79
Q

Reaction time principle

A

amount of time it takes for the brain to process
a physical threat and the body to respond

80
Q

Evasion

A

simply shifting your body or sidestepping to avoid the attack

81
Q

Redirection

A

using empty-hand techniques to move the subject away

82
Q

Pressure points

A

techniques used to control resistant behavior by using
pain compliance. Pressure or leverage is applied using a fingertip or thumb
tip to target a nerve, joint, or sensitive area, causing pain and compliance to verbal direction

83
Q

pressure point techniques

A

touch pressure, stabilization

84
Q

touch pressure

A

touching
the location of a nerve or sensitive area and applying continual, uninterrupted
pressure with the tip of the finger(s) or thumb until the subject complies

85
Q

stabilization

A

immobilizing
the subject’s head so the subject cannot move or escape

86
Q

two types of chemical agents

A

OC (oleoresin capsicum) or CS (orthochlorobenzal
-malononitrile)

87
Q

OC

A

commonly called pepper spray, is an inflammatory agent that causes tearing and involuntary closing of the eyes,
nasal discharge, sneezing, disorientation, and a sensation of respiratory distress

88
Q

CS

A

irritant agent that causes burning and tearing eyes, nasal discharge, and skin and upper respiratory irritation.
The chemical, when making contact with skin, gives the sensation of pain by activating and irritating the neural transmitters
of the body

89
Q

active ingredient in OC…

A

capsaicin

90
Q

Scoville heat units (SHU)

A

designed for determining the heat properties
(burning sensation) of peppers for the restaurant industry

91
Q

factors could influence the results of the OC

A

poorly placed spray where the OC does not make contact with the subject’s face, the subject’s mindset or past experience
with the chemical agent, drug use, psychosis, or a high pain tolerance

92
Q

A subject’s reaction to
being sprayed can include…

A

loss of balance, loss of coordination, anger, anxiety, fear, or panic

93
Q

OC Canister

A
94
Q

Psychological Decontamination

A

Tell the contaminated
person to remain calm and reassure them that the contaminant causes no lasting effects and should dissipate within
20–30 minutes. This repeated reassurance will help prevent anxiety and panic, behaviors that can endanger you and
others

95
Q

Physical Decontamination

A

Strobing, Breathing, Removing Contaminants, Air, Water

96
Q

Strobing

A

forcefully blinking the eyes using all the muscles in the face, including those in the forehead. This forceful
blinking helps clear the vision and activates the tear ducts. Tears help clear the eyes and wash away particles of
contaminant.

97
Q

Decontaminant Solutions

A

baby shampoo, may decrease
contamination effects

98
Q

Blocks

A

reaction techniques using the arms, legs, or body to deflect or
redirect an impending strike from a subject to areas of the body

99
Q

empty-hand striking technique

A

any impact technique using hands,
arms, elbows, feet, legs, knees, or head to strike a subject in an offensive
or defensive situation

100
Q

Temporary motor
dysfunction

A

type of incapacitation that causes temporary impairment of muscle control, such as a cramp

101
Q

methods of strikes

A

penetration and snap-back

102
Q

penetrating strike

A

typically used to strike a muscle

103
Q

snap-back strike

A

delivered and then retracted very quickly, thus enabling multiple strikes, creating distance, setting
up the next techniques, and causing distraction to the subject

104
Q

two types of strikes:

A

Swinging and thrusting

105
Q

swinging strike

A

generates less power on impact due to the greater
amount of surface area of the target

106
Q

thrusting strike

A

magnifies the delivered power due to the smaller surface area
making contact with the target area

107
Q

Two variables account for the amount of power generated in a strike;

A

the amount of mass delivered with the striking
weapon (that is, fist, foot, baton) and the velocity (speed) at which it is delivered.

108
Q

Diversion

A

technique
that interrupts the subject’s concentration so that energy is redirected
from the current focus

109
Q

Diversion

A

technique
that interrupts the subject’s concentration so that energy is redirected
from the current focus

110
Q

Pressure point techniques:

A
  • under the jaw
  • hollow behind the ear
  • hollow behind the collarbone
  • elbow under the shoulder blade
111
Q

escort

A

a technique used to move a subject from one point
to another without using pain compliance

112
Q

Transporters

A

sometimes called come-along
holds, are techniques used to move a subject from one point to another
with pain compliance or mechanical compliance

113
Q

Transporters are sometimes called …

A

come-along
holds

114
Q

Takedowns

A

techniques used to bring a resisting subject from a standing
position to the ground, making it easier to control them

115
Q

Grappling

A

use of body mechanics to leverage or control
another person

116
Q

vascular neck restraint

A

compresses certain veins and arteries in the
neck to cause a subject to lose consciousness briefly

117
Q

Restraint devices

A

tools, such as handcuffs, which are designed to temporarily
restrain a subject’s movements

118
Q

types of restraint
devices

A

waist chains, leg restraints, flexible leg restraints

119
Q

Handcuffs

A

temporary restraint devices frequently used to control a subject

120
Q

Handcuff nomenclature

A
121
Q

three-point
pin

A

used to control the subject for handcuffing

122
Q

two common types of flexible restraints

A

Flexible cuffs and flexible leg restraints

123
Q

search

A

government intrusion into a place in which a person has a
reasonable expectation of privacy

124
Q

pat down

A

physical frisk of a subject conducted in a predetermined pattern to locate weapons

125
Q

901.151

A

(Stop and Frisk Law) : Before a law
enforcement officer may conduct a pat down, they must have reasonable suspicion that the subject is armed

126
Q

Reasonable suspicion

A

facts or circumstances exist that reasonably
indicate that the person has committed, is committing, or is about to commit a violation of the law

127
Q

The purpose of a pat down

A

is not to discover evidence of a crime but to allow the officer to pursue his or her investigation
without fear of violence.” Adams v. Williams

128
Q

plain touch / feel doctrine

A

officer may seize any object “whose contour or mass” the officer identifies as
apparent contraband. A law enforcement officer may pat down only
the outside of the clothing for weapons. Minnesota v. Dickerson

129
Q

If you find a weapon,

A

take it and place it beyond the subject’s reach in a safe location

130
Q

custodial search technique

A

used when a subject is taken into custody in an unsecured environment

131
Q

quadrant search approach

A

divides the body into four sections horizontally and vertically

132
Q

primary purpose of a custodial search

A

to detect potential weapons or contraband

133
Q

Searches of inmates are primarily designed to

A

uncover contraband, prevent escapes, maintain sanitary standards, and
eliminate safety hazards

134
Q

three types of inmate searches

A

clothed, strip / unclothed, and body cavity

135
Q

strip / unclothed searches of an inmate may be conducted only by correctional officers who are of the same sex as
the inmate, except in

A

emergency circumstances

136
Q

positive features of ground fights

A
  • The subject is close to you, allowing you to keep and maintain physical control.
  • The subject does not have the support of a strong stance to generate power for striking.
  • The subject is usually working against time and fearful that you may receive backup or other assistance.
137
Q

negative features of ground fights

A
  • The subject has immediate access to all of your equipment.
  • The ground is often a rough surface that can quickly scratch and tear the skin.
  • Equipment can cause pain or reduce movement as you roll on the ground.
  • The subject has easy access to your vital areas.
138
Q

Stalling

A

tactical method of safely controlling a suspect until you
physically recover or reassess the situation, or backup arrives

139
Q

Ground fighting

A

anaerobic physical activity that will quickly tire you

140
Q

supine position

A

lying on the back face up

141
Q

Intermediate weapons

A

tools used when empty-handed
control is ineffective, but the subject’s level of resistance
does not merit deadly force

142
Q

most common types of intermediate weapons

A
  • impact weapons, such as batons or weapons of opportunity
  • specialty impact weapons such as bean bag rounds (lead shot covered in a small fabric pillow, typically fired from a shotgun) or baton rounds (plastic or rubber bullets)
  • electronic control devices, such as a CEW
  • chemical agents
143
Q

impact weapon

A

any object used for striking

144
Q

most common impact weapon is the

A

baton

145
Q

weapons of opportunity

A

unconventional
impact weapons

146
Q

interview stance with an impact weapon

A

low-profile
stance with the weapon held partially hidden behind
the leg

147
Q

Electronic control devices (ECD),

electronic immobilization devices

A

use a high voltage, low-power
electrical charge
to induce involuntary muscle contractions that temporarily disable a non-compliant
subject

148
Q

Types of electronic control devices

A

conducted electrical weapon (CEW), handheld stun gun, electronic shield,
electronic belt, and electronic sleeve

149
Q

Maintaining an appropriate
reactionary gap is

A

one of the most effective methods to prevent being disarmed

150
Q

factors affect an officer’s decision to employ handgun defense techniques

A
  • the proximity of the officer to the subject
  • the officer’s belief that the subject is going to shoot them
  • the presence of other potential victims in the immediate area
  • the consideration of other reasonable options
  • the mindset and commitment to challenge the subject regardless of personal injury or initial failure
151
Q

surprise

A

Do not telegraph to the subject that you plan to counterattack

152
Q

Telegraphing

A

small eye,
hand, or foot movements in the direction that you plan to move

153
Q

action is faster than reaction

A

When you enter the danger zone to deal with a subject, you are the
initiator. The subject must react to your threat

154
Q

verbal distraction

A

Reaction time increases when a subject processes two or more pieces of information
at the same time

155
Q

physical proximity

A

To initiate this technique, the subject’s handgun must be within arm’s reach

156
Q

General guidelines for encountering a subject with a handgun at close proximity

A
  1. Move your body out of the way.
  2. Control the weapon.
  3. Follow up with appropriate action(s)
157
Q

minimum safe distance for an officer to be able to react to an edged-weapon
attack without injury

A

about 25 feet

158
Q

movements may be used to defend against a spontaneous, close-quarter,
edged-weapon
attack

A
  • evade—Move or pivot away from the attacker.
  • secure—Capture the weapon arm and secure it.
  • redirect—Redirect the weapon arm.
159
Q

deadly weapon

A

any item used to cause death or great bodily harm

Defensive Tactics (1 decks)

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