DSST Exam Flashcards
The First Pharmalogical Revolution
Vaccines
Hashish is what type of drug?
Cannabis
Which Act created drug scheduling?
CSA
Alcohol is what type of drug?
Depressant
Heroin is in what drug schedule?
Schedule 1
Which two federal agencies determine what schedule a drug is classified as?
DEA and FDA
The Fourth Pharmalogical Revolution
“the pill”
Alcoholic hepatitis
Inflammation in the liver
Codeine is what type of drug?
Narcotic
What are the properties of a Schedule I drug?
Highly addictive, and has no accepted medical purpose
Ritalin is what type of drug?
Stimulant
Marijuana is in what drug schedule?
Schedule I
Morphine is what type of drug?
Narcotic
Potentiation
The result when two drugs combine and the resulting effects are greater than the effects of the two drugs added together
Peyote is what kind of drug?
Hallucinogen
Proof
The alcohol percentage in the beverage
BAC
Blood alcohol content
PCP is what type of drug?
Hallucinogen
What is the most commonly used illegal drug?
Marijuana
Opium is created from what plant?
Poppy
Anabolic steroids
Increase muscle mass, protein synthesis, and bone density
Korsakoff’s syndrome symptoms
Amnesia
Examples of depressants
Alcohol, Barbiturates, Xanax
Bong
A way marijuana is smoked
Confabulation
When a person “creates” memories and believes them to be real
Narcan
Used to counter the effects of opiate overdose
Benzodiazepines is what type of drug?
Depressant
Valium is used as a
relaxant
Cocaine is what type of drug?
stimulant
What is used to treat anxiety disorders?
xanax
Benzodiazepines include
valium, Xanax, and ativan
Ecstasy is what type of drug?
hallucinogen
Psychoactive drugs effect what?
the brain
Peyote is what kind of plant?
cactus
LD 50/ED 50
The ED50 value is the “effective dose” for 50% of the population, or the average effective dose. The LD50 value is the “Lethal Dose” for 50% of the population.
Methadone is what type of drug?
narcotic
Marijuana is made from what plant?
cannabis
The Second Pharmalogical Revolution
antibiotics
Drugs which depress a person’s system are called
barbiturates
Thalidomide
Originally prescribed for morning sickness, recalled for birth defects of deformed limbs
Examples of stimulants
cocaine, amphetamines
DSM-IV
diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders
Example of synesthesia
smelling colors
Opium is what type of drug?
narcotic
Stages of detoxification
cleansing, removal of cells killed by toxins, rebuilding tissues
Examples of routes to administer drugs through mucous membranes
inhalation, under the tongue, snorting or sniffing through nose
What does elevated hepatic enzymes levels indicate?
liver damage because of drug use
Another name for stimulants
uppers
Narcotic is Greek for what?
Stupor
What is the fastest way to take a drug?
through an IV
What drug is known as the date rape drug?
rohypnol or flunitrazepam
ADHD is an acronym for
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
LSD is what type of drug?
hallucinogen
What are the withdrawal symptoms of heroin?
aches, nausea, and muscle cramps
CSA stands for
controlled substances act
What are the withdrawal symptoms of LSD?
no known withdrawal symptoms
Examples of narcotics
Opium, morphine, codeine, heroin, methadone
What are the withdrawal symptoms of PCP?
violence, muscle rigidity, coma, and convulsions
FAS
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
Examples of hallucinogens
ecstasy, LSD, acid, mescaline
Cocaine is created by what plant?
coca plant
What drug is given to recovering heroin addicts to curb their withdrawal?
methadone
Barbiturates are what type of drug?
depressant
What is the street name for cannabis?
marijuana
Valium is on which drug schedule?
Schedule IV
Which of the following are risks of drug interaction?
Cancellation of beneficial effects
Possibility of lethal effects
Cause unexpected side effects
Which of the following drugs most often has harmful interactions with other drugs being taken? Alcohol Aspirin Cocaine Nicotine
Alcohol
Which act created drug scheduling?
CSA- Controlled Substances Act 1970
What is cocaethylene?
Alcohol + cocaine
Which of the following does heroin function similarly to? Tylenol methylphenidate Ibuprofen Morphine
Morphine
What is the most common effect of drug interactions for psychoactive drugs?
Decrease in respiratory rate
Which amendment to the U. S. Constitution established prohibition?
18
Which of the following drugs should you give to someone suffering an acute asthma attack? Albuterol Zyflo oral Nasacort Brovana
Albuterol
At which cell location do drugs interact with the nervous system?
At the synapse
What is the general name for the chemical substance which triggers activity between neurons?
Neurotransmitter
Which of the following is NOT a monoamine? Dopamine Serotinin Acetylcholine Norepinephrine
Acetylcholine
Which of the following is NOT true of cirrhosis?
Cirrhosis is easily reversible by discontinuing the use of alcohol
Which is NOT a method that drug interact with neurotransmitters?
Neurotransmitter gathering
What is uptake?
A process where certain molecules are transmitted back to their release point
Which are effective techniques for crisis prevention pertaining to drug abuse?
Help-line and conversation
Which type of prevention focuses upon selected individuals who have been tested in some form to determine whether they should be included in a prevention group?
Indicated prevention
Which drug is most responsible for causing Buerger’s disease?
Tobacco
What is the highest percentage of alcohol a fermented beverage may contain without further processing?
15%
What is the typical alcoholic percentage of table wine?
12%
Which is NOT true of marijuana?
Marijuana is a Schedule II drug because it has possible medical uses
Which is the alcoholic beverage highest to lowest content order?
Rum and vodka, whiskey and brandy, wine and beer
Which of the following is not used to produce alcohol? grapes barley potatoes pork
pork
What enzyme is used in the liver to metabolize alcohol?
Alcohol dehydrogenase
What is the name of the function where a valve shuts down the transfer of alcohol from the stomach to the small intestine?
Pylorospasm
What is proof?
Double the alcohol percentage
Approximately how many heroin users overdose per year?
3%
What does BAC stand for?
Blood alcohol content
Which of the following in Not true of anabolic steroids?
The effects of anabolic steroids include increased muscle mass and deepening voice
What is the typical legal BAC content?
.10%
At what rate does the liver metabolize alcohol?
.6 oz per hour
Which of the following is NOT a common way to measure BAC? blood sample breath sample Perspiration sample urine sample
perspiration sample
Which of the following is NOT an effect of anabolic steroids? increased muscle mass increased protein synthesis increased bone density deepened voice
Deepened voice
Which other types of drugs does alcohol share a cross-tolerance with?
Barbiturates
Which two organs are most affected by long-term heavy drinking?
Brain and liver
Which of the following syndromes is NOT a result of alcohol usage?
Asperger syndrome
Which of the following is NOT an Alcoholic Liver Disease (ALD)?
sickle cell disease
What is the term for temporary state in which a person is physically and psychologically impaired because of a toxin affecting the central nervous system?
intoxication
Which of the following is NOT an effect caused by alcohol?
Decrease in appetite
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of Korsakoff's syndrome? anterograde amnesia retrograde amnesia short term memory loss confabulation
short term memory loss
Which of the following is the worst way to treat a hangover?
drinking alcohol
Which of the following is NOT true of Narcan?
Narcan is used exclusively in emergency situations
Which of the following does not potentiate the effects of alcohol? fluvoxamines barbiturates benzodiazepines antihistamines
fluvoxamines
At what BAC level are gross motor functions (standing, walking) obviously impaired?
15%
What are the labels for axes in a dose-response curve?
x-axis dose
y-axis response
What of the following cannot be determined from a dose-response curve?
side effects
What Schedule is heroin included in?
Schedule I
What is the process in which the body breaks down drugs into simpler components and waste products?
metabolism
What is another name for Xanax?
alprazolam
Which of the following organs is the one that predominantly metabolizes drugs?
liver
What is the list of rate of delivery of drugs into the body from fastest to slowest for psychoactive drugs?
Inhalation, injection, oral ingestion
Which drug will have the longest lasting effect?
a large dose of a high protein binding drug
Which of the following is NOT generally a side effect of benzodiazepines? drowsiness hallucinations nausea blurry vision
hallucination
The 1938 Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act enforced which?
Drug manufactures to submit a NDA.
What schedule is marijuana included in?
schedule I
Which act first distinguished between prescription and over-the-counter drugs?
The 1938 Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act
Before a drug may be released to the market on who must it be previously tested?
Two animal species, healthy humans, and non-healthy humans
Which of the following did NOT result from the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970?
Creation of the Director of National Drug Control Policy
Which government organization currently is occupied with enforcing drug related laws?
The DEA
How is alcohol metabolized?
The liver converts the alcohol using an enzyme called alcohol dehydrogenase
Define psychoactive drugs
Drugs which directly affect the brain
The mesolimbic pathway is a main passageway for which of the following neurotransmitters?
Dopamine
Which of the following neurotransmitters is NOT associated with drug use? samatostatin acetylcholine nor-epinephrine serotonin
samatostatin
The ANS (autonomic nervous system) contains which of the following branches?
Sympathetic and parasympathetic
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Schedule I drugs? highly addictive accepted medical use unsafe no accepted medical use
accepted medical use
What system is associated with the “flight or fight” reaction?
the sympathetic system
How is alcohol eliminated from the body?
Alcohol must be metabolized by the liver
A lack of acetylcholine in the cerebral cortex has been linked with which of the following diseases? Parkinson's Addison's Huntington's alzheimer's
alzheimers
Drug doses are determined principally by which factor?
weight
How is a drug’s therapeutic index related to it safety?
The higher the therapeutic index is, the safer the drug is.
Which of the following is NOT a group of barbiturates? slow acting intermediate acting medium acting long acting
medium acting
Which of the following is NOT influenced by the route by which drugs are taken?
degree of addiction
Which of the following is NOT a basic category of psychoactive drugs? depressant hallucinogen elevator stimulant
elevator
Which of the following methods of drug administration is considered the safest?
oral
What is the term for the transportation of a drug to a certain site?
distribution
What does DSM-IV stand for?
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
What is the formula for Blood Alcohol Content (BAC)?
BAC=NSD.o3-NHD.o2
Which of the following is NOT an effect of a drug leaving the body? end of drug experience rebound of earlier effects desire to take more drugs detoxification of blood
End of drug experience
Which of the following biological factors does NOT effect the reaction of an individual to a drug? gender age genetics height
height
What drug caused many birth defects before it was removed from the market?
thalidomide
What is homeostasis?
a state of balance which tries to restore itself if disrupted.
What is the maximum BAC at which a person is allowed to drive in the United States?
.08%
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
tolerance can be reversed
tolerance to a drug is developed at a constant rate
all drugs are subject to tolerance
tolerance is caused because of psychological reasons
tolerance can be reversed
What is synesthesia?
When a person’s perception of two or more senses becomes mixed.
Which of the following groups are used to verify the result of certain drug tests are not just psychological? control placebo animal psychological
placebo
Which of the following is a Schedule II drug? heroin cocaine marijuana all of the above
cocaine
Which of the follow is a problem which was caused by Thalidomide?
deformed limbs
How many chemicals are released when a cigarette is burned?
over 4,000
Which category of drug is currently used as the primary choice for a sedative hypnotic?
benzodiazepines
Who produces the DSM-IV?
American Psychiatric Association
Why has prescribed use of barbiturates declined?
rapid tolerance development
Which of the following is NOT a stage of detoxification? introduction of toxin cleaning the body of toxin removal of dead cells rebuilding of damaged tissues
introduction of toxin
Which of the following is NOT true about heroin overdose?
It is not possible for a person’s heroin tolerance to decrease
What is NOT a common problem of using sedative hypnotics? rapid addiction risk of overdose severe withdrawal symptoms anxiety
anxiety
How do NDRI’s work?
NDRI’s stop certain neurons from being able to reach a person’s cells
What are carcinogens?
Chemicals which are known to cause cancer
Which of the following drugs does NOT share cross tolerance with the others? benzodiazepines alcohol LSD methaqualone
LSD
Which of the following is NOT true of carbon monoxide?
It is not dangerous to be exposed to carbon monoxide for long period of time
For which of the following was peyote NOT used in Native American culture?
Peyote was not used at all in the Native American culture
Which of the following is a non-beneficial effect of benzodiazepines? rapid addiction anterograde amnesia low lethal doses long duration
anterograde amnesia
Cocaine is used medicinally in which situation?
numbing of the upper respiratory tract
Which of the following contains sedative and pain relieving components which depress the central nervous system? narcotics depressants hallucinogens stimulants
narcotics
Which of the following is NOT a narcotic? heroin mescaline opium codeine
mescaline
Which of the following is TRUE of benzodiazepines?
Benzodiazepines work by decreasing brain function, and as the dose increases so do the side effects
When two acetyl groups are attached to morphine which of the following drugs result? codeine methadone heroin mescaline
heroin
What is naloxone?
a narcotic blocker
What is kosakoff’s syndrome caused by?
thiamine deficiency
Which of the following is the most life-threatening effect of narcotic use? brain damage drowsiness respiratory depression nausea
respiratory depression
Which type of drugs cause formication syndrome?
stimulants
Which of the following is a withdrawal symptom of LSD? vomiting depression muscle cramps there are no known withdrawal symptoms
there are no known withdrawal symptoms
Which of the following is NOT a withdrawal symptom of PCP? nausea violence muscle rigidity coma
nausea
What is another name for valium?
diazepam
Which of the following correctly lists the drug high duration of cocaine by various administration methods from longest to shortest?
Chewed, nasal inhalation, injection, smoked
Which of the following effect do NOT result from high cocaine dosage? psychotic state death seizures exhaustion
exhaustion
Which of the following is another name for naloxone hydrochloride?
Narcan
Which of the following is Valium NOT used for? alcohol withdrawal seizures anxiety heart failure
heart failure
Which of the following is NOT a direct effect of caffeine? stimulation of gastric acid muscle fatigue diuresis stimulation of the heart
muscle fatigue
Which of the following is NOT a property of Xanax? sedative hypnotic slow onset muscle relaxant
slow onset
Who discovered LSD (d-lysergic acid diethylamide)?
The Swiss Hofmann
What is an effective dose of LSD?
50 mg
How is therapeutic index calculated?
LD50/ED50
What is the term for the incidence where senses blend (seeing sound)?
synesthesia
Which of the following hallucinogens does NOT occur naturally? psilocybin DMT LSD Mescaline
LSD
Which hallucinogen most frequently alters and individual’s perception of their body?
PCP
What is pharmacotherapy?
Using a drug to help treat addiction
Which of the following is TRUE of cannabis?
All types of cannabis have psychoactive properties
Which of the following is NOT a type of cannabis? sativa ruderalis diazepalis indica
diazepalis
Which of the following is NOT true?
Alcohol is considered safe to drink during the first two months of pregnancy
What is detoxification?
The process by which the body rids itself of harmful toxins
Which of the following factors most influences whether drug addiction treatment will be successful?
personality and environment
What must occur in order for a drug to affect the brain?
pass the blood-brain barrier
In what organ are hepatic enzymes found?
liver
When in the brain, drugs:
defuse everywhere
What is the term for a concentration of drug at a specific location of available reactivity within the body?
bioavailability
Which of the following is TRUE of barbiturates?
slow acting barbiturates take effect very quickly
When taken with food in the stomach, a drug:
will be absorbed slower
What does NDRI stand for?
Norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitors
Why does a drug passing through the lungs have a rapid effect?
very accessible capillary walls
Which organ in human anatomy is the most complex?
brain
Which organ removes drugs from the body?
kidney
Which organ most affects the distribution of drug in the body?
heart
The enzymes in the liver
are specialized to deal with foreign chemicals
Toulene is
water soluable
What does FAS stand for?
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
Which of the following is a stimulant? cocaine beer wine cannabis
cocaine
Which of the following would NOT be considered synesthesia?
hearing a thought
Which of the following categories of drugs make you see or hear things that are not there?
stimulants
depressants
hallucinogens
hallucinogens
MDMA (ecstasy), GHB, Rohypnol (Ruffies), Clarity, and Ketamines (Special K) area all examples of what kinds of drugs?
club drugs
Which of the following are narcotics? peyote codeine LSD Advil
codeine
Which of the following is the correct abbreviation for carboxyhemoglobin?
COHb
Which of the following is NOT a withdrawal symptom of cocaine? irritability depression vomiting and shaking craving
vomiting and shaking
A sedative drug will
decrease heart rate
Which of the following is an amphetamine? caffeine advil wine LSD
caffeine
Which of the following is a common gateway drug? steroids crack LSD marijuana
marijuana
Which of the following is NOT considered a possible fetal alcohol syndrome disorder? poor coordication learning disabilities hyperactive behavior liver failure
liver failure
Which of the following is illegal to individuals 16 years of age? alcohol tobacco chew all of the above
all of the above
Which of the following is a withdrawal symptom for marijuana? anger chills insomnia all of the above
all of the above
Which act taxed the importation and sale of opiates?
the 1914 Harrison act
Which of the following drugs is approved by the FDA to treat insomnia? Xanax lunesta claratin mescaline
lunesta
Which of the following chemicals is used as an inhalant? toluene codeine telazol MDMA
toluene
How many major arteries supply the brain with blood?
four
St. John’s Wort is used to treat which of the following?
insomnia
fatigue
depression
depression
Kava kava is used to treat which of the following?
insomnia
fatigue
depression
fatigue
cocaine is included in which schedule of drugs?
schedule II
What is the most common way for new drugs to be discovered?
accidental observation of effects
Which of the following is NOT a withdrawal symptom of heroin? aches nausea muscle cramps no known withdrawal symptoms
no known withdrawal symptoms
Xanax, Darvocet and Ambien are considered to be on which schedule?
schedule IV
What is the term to describe the interaction between two or more drugs where the effects of the drugs combined are greater than the addition of the effects of the drugs taken separately?
potentiation
Inhaling from a inhalant-soaked rag is called
huffing
The branch of pharmacology concerned with the movement of drugs within the body is called
pharmacokinetics
