DSMFINAL Flashcards
The difference between neurodevelopmental disorders and neurocognitive disorders is:
The developmental stage of life.
Neurodevelopmental disorders are____________ and neurocognitive disorders are__________________?
- congenital
- occur later in life
5 Neurodevelopmental disorders include:
Intellectual Disability
Communication Disorder
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Attention-Defict/Hyperactivity Disorder
Specific Learning Disabilities
An essential feature/diagnostic criterion of ____ is: persistent impairment in reciprocal social communication and interaction.
Autism Spectrum Disorder
When someone displays a persistent pattern of inattention/hyperactivity-impulsivity that impedes function and development, the diagnosis of ________ is likely.
ADHD
A fixed belief or beliefs that are not amenable to change despite the fact there is conflicting evidence is known as:
A Delusion
These are perception-like experiences that occur without an external stimulus. They can be vivid and clear. They are primarily seen or heard (audio/visual).
Hallucinations
In many ways the required criterion for schizophreniform, schizophrenia, and brief psychotic disorder are the same. The key difference is:
The amount of time in which the symptoms have been present
Schizoaffective Disorder is very similar to Schizophrenia, but also has symptoms of:
a manic or depressed state
T/F Bipolar I is more severe than Bipolar II
False
The main difference between Bipolar I and II is:
The presence of a manic state.
Persistent Depressive Disorder is different from Major Depressive Disorder in that:
The timeframe associated with the symptoms.
Usually for two or more years.
T/F Fear is the emotional response to real or perceived imminent threats.
True
T/F Anxiety can be described as the anticipation of a future threat or event.
True
Anxiety disorders include disorders that share features of:
Both fear and anxiety
Marked, or intense, fear or anxiety of social situations due to possible scrutiny from others:
Social Anxiety Disorder
Anxiety about many things and situations, but not necessarily a “specific” cause
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
Agoraphobia
Usually fearful of a specific a location
Selective Mutism
Individual can speak, but generally chooses not to.
Excessive fear or anxiety concerning separation from home or attachment figures.
Separation Anxiety Disorder
T/F There is no difference between a panic attack and a panic disorder.
False
Panic Attacks are________________.
A building block of the panic disorder diagnosis.
Social Anxiety Disorder
The anxiety emanates from the interaction/relationship and perceived scrutiny from others.
T/F OCD and OCPD are the same thing?
False
______ is focused on obsession and compulsions (the behavior). An example is an obsession with germs that compels the person to wash their hands repeatedly and until they are raw/bleeding.
OCD obsesive compulsive disorder.
_______________ is concerned with rigor, perfection, doing things to exact specifications. Often work goes unfinished or it is never good enough.
OCPD obsesive compulsive personality disorder.
More often than not, when someone says I have OCD, they are more accurately referring to symptoms of:
Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder
Intermittent Explosive Disorder can become Conduct Disorder, and Conduct Disorder can become:
Anti-social Personality Disorder
At what age is Antisocial personality disorder diagnosed?
18
T/F Neurocognitive disorders imply the loss of some previous level of functioning.
True
Characterized by a Pattern of pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others; other motives are malevolent.
Paranoid Personality Disorder
Characterized by a pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy. Often willing to take advantage of others or even hurt them. They really feel like they are special and deserve everything they get, or if they don’t get it
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Some of the key indicators/criterion refer to an instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image & affect & marked impulsivity
Borderline Personality Disorder
Some of the key indicators/criterion refer to patterns of excessive emotionality and attention seeking (life of the party).
Histrionic Personality Disorder
Characterized by notion of anxiety and fear, this is the ___________ personality disorders.
Cluster C
Often called the dramatic, emotional, and erratic cluster, this is the ___________ personality disorders.
Cluster B
Often called the odd or eccentric cluster, this is the ___________ personality disorders.
Cluster A
The DSM V is organized according to
The Developmental Lifespan.
The recurrent pulling of hair, typically of the hair in the scalp, eyebrows, and eyelashes.
Trichotillomania
The falsification of medical or psychological signs & symptoms in oneself or others. The goal is not to benefit financially, but typically to get the sympathy of others.
Factitious Disorder
Malingering
Done to get something, to gain something. Could be money, could be getting out of jail or military service, etc. But the goal is to “gain” something.
Often associated with pain. Symptoms can be very real for the person even though there is no known medical etiology for the pain.
Somatic Symptom Disorder
Illness Anxiety Disorder
Constant worry about an illness.
True/False
A 25-year old man presents with long-standing nonverbal communication deficits, inability to have back-and-forth conversation or share interests in an appropriate fashion, and a complete lack of interest in having relationships with others. His speech reflects awkward phrasing and intonation and is mechanical in nature. He has a history of sequential fixations and obsessions with various games and objects throughout childhood; however this is not a concern at this time. This individual meets criteria for autism spectrum disorder.
True
A 25 year-old graduate student presents to a psychiatrist complaining of feeling down and “not enjoying anything”. Her symptoms began about a month ago, along with insomnia and poor appetite. She has little interest in activities and is having difficulty in schoolwork. She recalls a similar episode 1 year ago that lasted about two months before improving without treatment. She also reports several episodes of increased energy in the past 2 years; these episodes usually last 1-2 weeks, during which time she is very productive, feels more social and outgoing, and tends to sleep less. Friends tell her that she speaks more rapidly during these episodes but that they do not see it as off-putting and inf act this she seems more outgoing and clever. She has no medical problems and does not take any medications or abuse drugs or alcohol. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Bipolar I disorder, current episode depressed.
Bipolar II disorder, current episode depressed
Bipolar II disorder, current episode depressed
A 31 year-old man narrowly escapes (without injury) from a house fire caused when he dropped a lighter while trying to light his crack pipe. Six week later, while smoking crack, he thinks he smells some smoke and runs from the building in panic, shouting, “It’s on fire!” Which of the following symptoms or circumstances would rule out the diagnosis of PTSD?*Only experiencing the symptoms while smoking crack cocaine.
*Concluding that the world is completely dangerous.
Only experiencing the symptoms while smoking crack cocaine.
In Major Depressive Disorder, Criterion A states that at least Five listed symptoms must present during the same 2-week period and represent a change from previous functioning. It also states that at least one of the symptoms must be either __________ or _________.
- depressed mood
- loss of interest or pleasure
In general, the DSM-5-TR uses Letters when listing ____________ and Arabic numerals when listing _____________.
- Diagnostic Criteria
- Symptoms
Major Depressive Disorder’s Criteria A–C represent _____________.
A major depressive episode.
Mood disorders require that a patient’s presentation is not better explained by a __________ disorder.
psychotic
Major Depressive Disorder’s Criterion
E states that there must never have been a __________ episode or a __________ episode.
- manic
- hypomanic
Persistent Depressive Disorder Criterion A is _________.
A. Depressed mood for most of the day, for more days than not, as indicated by either subjective account or observation by others, for at least 2 years.
In Persistent Depressive Disorder in children and adolescents, mood can be __________ and duration must be _________.
irritable
at least 1 year
In __________________ , hypomanic symptoms do not meet criteria for a hypomanic episode and depressive symptoms do not meet criteria for a major depressive episode, but the distress that they cause impair functioning.
Cyclothymic Disorder
_____________ was explicitly created to address the overdiagnosis of Bipolar I in children.
Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder
There is a lot of overlap of specifiers between Bipolar & Related Disorders and Depressive Disorders. One specifier that only applies to Bipolar I & II is __________.
With rapid cycling
7 symptoms of Manic or a Hypomanic episode
Inflated self-esteem or grandiosity.
Decreased need for sleep
More talkative than usual
Distractibility
Thoughts are racing.
Increase in goal-directed activity
Excessive involvement in activities that have a
high potential for painful
Criterion A. in Schizoaffective Disorder requires a ____________ concurrent with criterion A of Schizophrenia.
- Major Depressive or Manic Episode
Criterion B. Schizoaffective Disorder requires at least 2 weeks of delusions or hallucinations without ___________.
- prominent mood symptoms
Criterion D. of Schizophrenia requires that __________ and ____________ have been ruled out
- Schizoaffective disorder
- depressive or bipolar disorder with psychotic features
__________________ can be thought of as a “place-holder” diagnosis when symptoms of Schizophrenia have only occurred for 1-6 months.
Schizophreniform Disorder
Although they share the same list of symptoms, Schizophrenia requires a decline in functioning while __________________ does not.
Schizophreniform Disorder
While similar to Schizophreniform Disorder, Brief Psychotic Disorder requires that the episodes duration be less than ______.
A month
While similar to Schizophreniform Disorder, Brief Psychotic Disorder requires an eventual ______.
Full return to premorbid level of functioning
Both Schizophreniform Disorder and Brief Psychotic Disorder require at least one symptom from 1-3, however they differ in that:
Schizophreniform Disorder requires 2 or more symptoms and Brief Psychotic Disorder requires 1.
Delusional Disorder’s Criterion B. states that __________ must never have been met.
Criterion A for schizophrenia
The Panic Attack Specifier includes many _______ symptoms and a few _____ symptoms.
- Somatic
- Mental
Panic Disorder requires panic attack followed by 1 month (or more) of one or both of the following:
- Worry about additional panic attacks
- A maladaptive change in behavior
While traditionally associated with children, __________ can apply across the lifespan and can be associated with any attachment figure.
Separation anxiety
Paranoid personality disorder is a pattern of______________ such that others’ motives are interpreted as ____________.
- distrust and suspiciousness
- malevolent
Schizoid personality disorder is a pattern of ______________ and a restricted range of ____________.
- detachment from social relationships
- emotional expression
- Schizotypal personality disorder is a pattern of ____________, __________________, and ____________.
- acute discomfort in close relationships,
- cognitive or perceptual distortions,
- eccentricities of behavior.
Antisocial personality disorder is a pattern of __________________ and ________.
- disregard for, and violation of, the rights of others, criminality, impulsivity,
- a failure to learn from experience.
Borderline personality disorder is a pattern of instability in _____, _____, ____, and ______.
- relationships, self-image, and affects,
- impulsivity.
Histrionic personality disorder is a pattern of __________ and _________.
- excessive emotionality
- attention seeking
Narcissistic personality disorder is a pattern of _____, _______, and _________.
- grandiosity
- need for admiration
- lack of empathy
Avoidant personality disorder is a pattern of _____, _______, and _________.
- social inhibition
- feelings of inadequacy
- hypersensitivity to negative evaluation
Dependent personality disorder is a pattern of ____________.
submissive and clinging behavior related to an excessive need to be taken care of
Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder is a pattern of preoccupation with _____, _______, and _________.
- orderliness
- control
- perfectionism
Cluster A personality disorders often appear ______ or _______.
odd or eccentric
Cluster B personality disorders often appear ______, ________ or _______.
dramatic, emotional, or erratic
Cluster C personality disorders often appear ______ or _____
anxious or fearful
Cluster A Personality Disorders includes:
- paranoid
- schizoid
- schizotypal
Cluster B Personality Disorders includes:
- antisocial
- borderline
- histrionic
- narcissistic
Cluster C Personality Disorders includes:
- avoidant
- dependent
- obsessive-compulsive
______ Disorder is characterized by emotionally withdrawn behavior towards adult caregivers whereas ________ is characterized by actively approaching and interacting with unfamiliar adults.
Reactive Attachment Disorder
Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder
Intellectual Developmental Disorder reqiures deficits in both ______ and _________.
- Intellectual Functions
- Adaptive Functioning
Domains of Psychosis
1) Delusions
2) Hallucinations
3) Disorganized Thinking
4) Disorganized or Abnormal Motor Behavior
5) Negative Symptoms
Domains of Psychosis and duration is AT LEAST 1 DAY–BUT LESS THAN 1 MONTH with eventual full return to premorbid level of functioning
- Brief Psychotic Disorder
Schizophreniform Disorder 2+ Domains of Psychosis and An episode of the disorder lasts
AT LEAST 1 MONTH BUT LESS THAN 6 months
- Specific deficits in an individual’s ability to perceive or process information for learning academic skills efficiently and accurately.
Specific Learning Disorder
- Body Dysmorphic Disorder is Inordinate attention to at least one perceived flaw in _______ ________that is unnoticeable or appears slight to other observers.
physical appearance
- Hoarding Disorder
Chronic difficulty getting rid of possessions regardless of their value, stemming from a need to save items and the associated distress of being without them.
- Excoriation
Repeated skin-picking behavior resulting in skin lesions, accompanied by repeated attempts to cease this behavior.
- Acute Stress Disorder
The symptoms of this disorder are the
same as those for posttraumatic stress disorder, but in acute stress disorder, at least nine symptoms starting immediately after the trauma and
lasting from 3 days to 1 month
- Adjustment Disorders are the appearance of _______or ______ symptoms as a reaction to definitive _________events, with such symptoms appearing within __months of the event(s). No longer than ___months
emotional
behavioral
stress-inducing
3
6
- Presence of two or more distinct personality states or an experience of possession.
Sustained periods of identity disruption
Dissociative Identity Disorder
- Dissociative Amnesia
- An inability to recall important autobiographical information.
- Mild TBI may precede dissociative amnesia.
- __________________ Sense of Being Cut Off or Detached from Self
Sense of Being Cut Off or_________________ detached from the World
Depersonalization:
Derealization:
A change in how the body functions when no causative physical or physiological malfunctioning can be found.
- Conversion Disorder
- Oppositional Defiant Disorder Repeated displays of________ and______ ______;argumentative, defiant behavior; and/or vindictive behavior for a period of__________.
- angry, irritable mood;
- at least 6 months.
Repeated instances within a 1-year period wherein the
individual displays behaviors that may include (with at least one present for (6 months) aggression toward people and animals, destruction of property before 18
- Conduct Disorder
- Delirium
A disturbance of _____________________ and an alteration in _________ that develops over a short interval.
consciousness
cognition
A pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, accompanied by marked impulsivity and present in a variety of contexts The individual is often intensely concerned abandonment
- Borderline Personality Disorder
Alcohol
Cannabis
Phencyclidine
Other Hallucinogen
Inhalant
Opioid
Sedative, Hypnotic, or Anxiolytic
Stimulant
Tobacco
Specific substance use disorders include:
These disorders are characterized by a disruption of and/or discontinuity in the normal integration of consciousness, memory, identity, emotion, perception, body representation, motor control, and behavior.
Potentially disrupt every area of psychological functioning.
Frequently found in the aftermath of trauma.
Dissociative Disorders
*Serious impairment in at least one of the following areas of cognitive functioning complex attention, executive function, learning and memory, language, perceptual-motor, and social cognition. result from Alzheimer’s disease, traumatic brain injury, Parkinson’s disease,
Neurocognitive disorder Due to Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s Disease and TBI
schizoid personality disorder
The individual typically avoids social interaction;
Specific substance intoxications are similar to substance use disorders, but includes
__________ while excluding __________.
caffeine
tobacco
- Delusions
- Hallucinations
- Delusional Disorder
- Brief Psychotic Disorder
- Schizophreniform Disorder
- Schizophrenia
- Schizoaffective
Disorde belong to what group?
Schizophrenia Spectrum & Other Psychotic Disorders
- Delusions
- Hallucinations
- Delusional Disorder
- Brief Psychotic Disorder
- Schizophreniform Disorder
- Schizophrenia
- Schizoaffective
Disorde belong to what group?
Schizophrenia Spectrum & Other Psychotic Disorders
3 Bipolar & Related Disorders are?
- Bipolar I
- Bipolar II
- Cyclothymic Disorder
- Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder
- Major Depressive Disorder
- Persistent Depressive Disorder (dysthymia)
belong to which group?
Depressive Disorders
8 Anxiety Disorders
1 specifier
- Fear
- Anxiety
- Panic attacks
- Separation Anxiety Disorder
- Selective Mutism
- Social Anxiety Disorder
- Panic Disorder
- Agoraphobia
- Generalized Anxiety Disorder
- Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
- Body Dysmorphic Disorder
- Hoarding Disorder
- Trichotillomania (Hair Pulling Disorder)
- Excoriation (Skin Picking Disorder)
Obsessive-Compulsive & Related Disorders
5 Trauma & Stressor Related Disorders
- Reactive Attachment Disorder
- Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder
- PTSD
- Acute Stress Disorder
- Adjustment Disorders
3 Dissociative Disorders
- Dissociative Identity Disorder
- Dissociative Amnesia
- Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder
4 Somatic Symptom & Related Disorders
Somatic Symptom Disorder
Illness Anxiety Disorder
Conversion Disorder
Factitious Disorder
5 Disruptive, Impulse-Control, & Conduct Disorders
- Oppositional Defiant Disorder
- Intermittent Explosive Disorder
- Conduct Disorder
- Pyromania
- Kleptomania
4 Neurocognitive Disorders
- Delirium
- NCD Due to Alzheimer’s
- NCD Due to Parkinson’s Disease
- NCD Due to TBI
Personality Disorders cluster A (3)
- Paranoid Personality Disorder
- Schizoid Personality Disorder
- Schizotypal Personality Disorder
Personality Disorders cluster B (4)
- Antisocial Personality Disorder
- Borderline Personality Disorder
- Histrionic Personality Disorder
- Narcissistic Personality Disorder
- Avoidant Personality Disorder
- Dependent Personality Disorder
- Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder
Personality Disorders cluster C
- cluster of cognitive, behavioral, and physiological symptoms
- Indicating that the individual continues using the substance despite significant substance-related problems.
Substance Use Disorders
One major consideration in subtance abuse disorder, is that, especially in severe cases, a __________underlying change in__________ occurs that lasts beyond detoxification.
persistent
brain circuitry
