DSM5 EXAM Flashcards
What are the DSM criteria for Major depression in terms of symptoms? (9)
5 or more symptoms present during the same 2 week period, 1 of which either has to be:
- depressed mood or
- loss of pleasure or interest.
The other 4 have to be from the following:
- weight loss/gain
- insomnia/hypersomnia
- psychomotor agitation or retardation
- fatigue nearly every day
- feelings of worthlessness/guilt
- inability to concentrate/indecisiveness
- recurrent thoughts of suicide
The symptoms have to cause significant distress and impairment in social, occupational and other areas of functioning.
Common treatments for major depressive disorder:
CBT:
- helps change patients belief patterns and attitudes about themselves
Behavioural therapy:
- increases patients levels of activity and pleasure in life
Anti-depressants:
- Help reduce feelings of depression
Interpersonal therapy:
- Helps reduce patients depression if it stems from interpersonal problems
Health services for Major depression
Virtual mindspot clinic:
- access online and telephone for psychological assessment and CBT
Primary Health Network Victoria:
- Subsidised mental health case services for people suffering a range of mental health conditions
Mind health connect:
- eTherapy options for people suffering mental health issues
Headspace:
- Melbourne clinic or phone for people 25 and under
What is the difference between dysthymia and Major Depressive Disorder
Depressed mood plus two or more of the following over at least 2 years:
- Poor appetite or over-eating
- Insomnia/hypersomnia
- Fatigue
- Low self-esteem
- Poor concentration/indecisiveness
- Feelings of hopelessness
DSM for GAD
Excessive worrying occurring more days than not over at least 6 months Difficult to control worry The anxiety and worry are associated with at least 3 or more of the following 6 symptoms: - Restlessness/on edge - Easily fatigued - Difficulty concentrating - Irritability - Muscle tension - Sleep disturbance
Common treatments for GAD
CBT:
- helps change patients patterns of belief and attitudes relevant to their anxiety and teaches them ways of interpreting events to avoid anxious triggers/ recognise the relationship between thoughts and aladaptive emotional responses
Psychoanalytic psychotherapy:
- uncover the unconscious cause of a patients anxiety and then develop tools to deal with it
SSRI’s:
- help reduce feelings of anxiety
Health services for GAD
Anxiety disorders association of Victoria
- phone and email support as well as group meetings
Anxiety Recover Centre of Victoria
- support groups and info regarding anxiety
Virtual mindspot clinic:
- access online and telephone for psychological assessment and CBT
Primary Health Network Victoria:
- Subsidised mental health case services for people suffering a range of mental health conditions
Mind health connect:
- eTherapy options for people suffering mental health issues
Headspace:
- Melbourne clinic or phone for people 25 and under
DSM PTSD
Exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury or sexual violence in one or more of the following ways:
- directly experiencing
- witnessing
- learning of traumatic event happening to family member or friend
- repeated exposure (job-related possibly)
The following criteria must be present for more than one month.
Presence of one or more of the following intrusion symptoms:
- recurrent distressing memories
- recurrent distressing dreams
- dissociative reactions/flashbacks
- intense/prolonged psychological distress at exposure to internal or external cues that symbolise the event
- marked physiological reactions to internal/external cues that symbolise the event
Persistent avoidance of stimuli associated with traumatic event, beginning after the event has occurred, as evidenced by one or more of the following:
- avoidance of disturbing thoughts, memories or feelings about or closely related to the event
- avoidance of external reminders (people, places, objects) that arouse distressing memories
Negative alterations in cognition and mood associated with the traumatic event as evidenced by two or more of the following:
- inability to remember parts of the event
- persistent negative beliefs about oneself (i am bad etc)
- persistent distorted cognitions about the cause/ consequences of the traumatic event that lead the individual to blame themselves or others
- persistent negative emotional state
- marked diminished interested in activities
- feeling detached from others
- persistent inability to experience positive emotion
Marked alterations in arousal and reactivity associated with the traumatic event, as evidenced by two or more of the following:
- irritable behaviour and angry outbursts (verbal or physical aggression)
- reckless/destructive behaviour
- hypervigilance
- exaggerated startle response
- problems concentrating
- sleep disturbance
Common treatments for PTSD
EMDR: (eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing)
- alleviates stress associated with traumatic memories
CBT/Exposure therapy:
- re-telling and engaging with traumatic memories rather than avoiding them, helps to take negative charge out of the memories
SSRI’s:
- reduce feelings of possible comorbid depression
Health services for PTSD
Anxiety Recover Centre of Victoria
- support groups and info regarding PTSD
Virtual mindspot clinic:
- access online and telephone for psychological assessment and CBT
Primary Health Network Victoria:
- Subsidised mental health case services for people suffering a range of mental health conditions
Mind health connect:
- eTherapy options for people suffering mental health issues
Headspace:
- Melbourne clinic or phone for people 25 and under
DSM Somatic symptom disorder:
One or more somatic symptom that is distressing and results in significant disruption of life
Excessive thoughts, feelings or behaviours related to the somatic symptoms manifested by at least one of the following:
- disproportionate and persistent thoughts about the seriousness of ones symptoms
- persistent high levels of anxiety about health symptoms
- excessive time and energy devoted to these health concerns
Although one somatic symptom may not be continuous, the state of being symptomatic is more than 6 months
Criteria for Dysthymia (mnemonic)
PPLLHH
Poor appetite Poor concentration Low self-esteem Low energy/fatigue Hypersomnia feelings of Helplessness
Criteria for GAD (mnemonic)
DIMERS
Difficulty concentrating Irritability Muscle tension Easily fatigued Restlessness Sleep disturbance
What are the headings for the criteria for PTSD?
Exposure to a traumatic event in 1 of 4 ways
One or more intrusive symptoms
Avoidance of stimuli of event (1 or both)
Negative alterations in cognition and mood (2 or more)
Alterations in arousal (2 or more)
What are the symptoms listed under alterations in arousal for PTSD? (mnemonic)
SHERIP
Sleep disturbance Hypervigilance Exaggerated startle response Reckless/self destructive behaviour Irritability and aggression Poor concentration
DSM criteria for Substance Abuse Disorder
At least 2 of the following occurring within 12 months
- alcohol taken more or for longer than intended
- persistent desire/ unsuccessful attempt to control alcohol usage
- lots of time and effort spent to try and get alcohol
- craving alcohol
- alcohol usage leads to failure to fulfil obligations
- continued use despite social and interpersonal problems
- important activities given up or reduced because of alcohol
- alcohol used in physically dangerous situations
- continued use of alcohol despite having persistent physical or psychological effects
- tolerance:
- need for increased amounts to get intoxicated OR
- diminished effect when same amount is taken - withdrawal:
- characteristic withdrawal from alcohol
- alcohol is taken to relieve/ avoid withdrawal symptoms
Common treatments for substance abuse disorder
CBT
- Helps the patient to alter their unhealthy thoughts about their condition and address mental factors that contribute to their condition.
SSRI’s
Melbourne health services for substance abuse disorder
Turning point:
- A national addiction and treatment centre which offers treatment and support services
Primary Health Network Victoria
- Can provide subsidised mental health care services for people with a range of mental health conditions, including treating comorbid depression
Mind health connect
- Provides links to a range of eTherapy options for people suffering from mental health
issues, including comorbid depression.
Headspace Centre or phone
- People under 25 can call or visit a centre for mental health and other general health support
DirectLine
- 24-hour phone counselling, information and referral service for people in Victoria experiencing drug and alcohol related issues.
