(DSM) Module 14- Substance-Related And Addictive Disorders

Question 1

Refers to chemical compounds that are ingested to alter mood or behavior

Answer 1

Substance

Question 2

alters mood, behavior, or both

Answer 2

Psychoactive Substance

Question 3

Is the ingestion of psychoactive substances in moderate amounts that does not significantly interfere with social, educational, or occupational functioning.

Answer 3

Substance Use

Question 4

Physiological reaction to ingested substance (drunkenness, or getting high); many variables interact,
including the type of drug taken, the amount ingested, and the person’s individual biological reaction; experienced as impaired judgment, mood changes, and lowered motor ability.

Answer 4

Substance Intoxication

Question 5

It is defined in terms of how significantly the use interferes with the user’s life which disrupts education,
job, or relationships with others, and puts one in physically dangerous situations.

Answer 5

Substance Use Disorder

Question 6

The use of increasingly greater amounts of the drug to experience the same effect
(tolerance), and a negative physical response when the substance is no longer ingested (withdrawal)

Answer 6

Physiological Dependence on Drugs

Question 7

Many other kinds of reinforcing experiences stimulate the release of ________, especially in the ________________, a small
subcortical area rich in dopamine

Answer 7

dopamine, nucleus accumbens

Question 8

produces excitement, alertness, elevated mood, decreased fatigue, and sometimes increased motor activity;
directly increases activity at dopamine receptors.

Answer 8

Stimulants

Question 9

• increases the release of dopamine from the presynaptic terminal. - reverses the dopamine transporter, causing the cell to excrete dopamine instead of reabsorbing it. - blocks certain synapses that inhibit dopamine release

Answer 9

Amphetamine

Question 10

• blocks the reuptake of dopamine, NorE, and Serotonin, thus prolonging their effects.

Answer 10

Cocaine

Question 11

• often prescribed for people with ADD; same mechanism as of cocaine

Answer 11

Methylphenidate

Question 12

• a compound present in tobacco; it stimulates one type of acetylcholine receptor (nicotinic receptor) found in
  CNS and nerve-muscle junction of skeletal muscles. - receptors are abundant on dopamine-releasing axon terminals in the nucleus accumbens, so it
  increases dopamine in that area.

Answer 12

Nicotine

Question 13

• major effect is to produce analgesia temporarily; include morphine, heroin and methadone, among others.
  -relax people, decrease their attention-to -the-world problems, and decrease sensitivity to pain.

Answer 13

Opiate Drugs

Question 14

• include lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), chemically resembles serotonin. - effects include distorded sensations; alter sensory perception; produce positive psychosis

Answer 14

Hallucinogenic Drugs

Question 15

: a cannabinoid ; relieves pain or nausea and to combat glaucoma. - psychological effects include and intensification of sensory experience and an illusion that time is passing very slowly. - cannabinoid dissolve in body’s fats and leave the body slow

Answer 15

Marijuana (THC)

Question 16

: used for dissociative anaesthetics; produce feelings of separation from mind and body; “angel dust”

Answer 16

Phencyclidines

Question 17

: helps people relax and may even help prevent heart attacks; damages the liver and other organs, impairs judgment, and ruin lives.

• inhibits the flow of Na across the membrane, expands the surface of membranes, decreases serotonin activity, facilitates GABA, blocks glutamate receptors, and increases

Answer 17

Alcohol

Question 18

Substances result in behavioral sedation and can induce relaxation

Answer 18

Depressants

Question 19

10 types of drugs for Substance-Related Disorders:

Answer 19

Alcohol
Opioid
Caffeine*
Sedatives, Hypnotics, or Anxiolytics
Cannabis
Stimulants
Hallucinogens
Tobacco
Inhalants
Others

Question 20

Diagnostic Criteria for Substance Use Disorders (Addiction)

Answer 20

Impaired control
Social impairment
Risky Use

Question 21

1) Using for longer periods of time than intended, or using larger amounts than intended; 2) Wanting to reduce use, yet
being unsuccessful doing so; 3) Spending excessive time getting/using/recovering from the drug use; 4) Cravings that are
so intense it is difficult to think about anything else.

Answer 21

Impaired control

Question 22

5) People may continue to use despite problems with work, school or family/social obligations. This might include repeated
work absences, poor school performance, neglect of children, or failure to meet household responsibilities. 6) Addiction may also be indicated when someone continues substance use despite having interpersonal problems because
of the substance use. This could include arguments with family members about the substance use; or, losing important
friendships because of continued use. 7) Important and meaningful social and recreational activities may be given up or reduced because of substance use. A
person may spend less time with their family, or they may stop playing golf with their friends.

Answer 22

Social impairment

Question 23

The key issue of this criterion is the failure to refrain from using the substance despite the harm it causes. 8) Addiction may be indicated when someone repeatedly uses substances in physically dangerous situations. For instance, using alcohol or other drugs while operating machinery or driving a car. 9) Some people continue to use addictive substances even though they are aware it is causing or worsening physical and
psychological problems. An example is the person who continues to smoke cigarettes despite having a respiratory disorder
such

Answer 23

Risky Use

Question 24

is the body’s response to the abrupt cessation of a drug, once the body has developed a tolerance to it. The resulting cluster of symptoms is specific to each drug. Although it is very unpleasant, it does not usually require medical assistance.

Answer 24

Withdrawal

Question 25

occurs when people need to increase the amount of a substance to achieve the same desired effect. Stated differently, it is when someone experiences less of an effect using the same amount.

Answer 25

Tolerance

Question 26

A. Cessation of, or reduction in heavy and prolonged substance use.
B. Substance-specific problematic behavioral change, with physiological and cognitive concominants, that is due to the
cessation of, or reduction in, heavy and prolonged substance use.
C. The signs or symptoms in criterion B cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other
important areas of functioning.
D. Signs and symptoms are not attributable to another medical condition and are not better explained by another mental
disorder.

Answer 26

Substance Withdrawal

Question 27

A. Reversible substance-specific syndrome due to the recent ingestion of a substance.
B. Clinically significant problematic behavioral and psychological changes that developed during, or shortly after, ingestion
(e.g. belligerence, mood lability, impaired judgment, inappropriate sexual or aggressive behavior).
C. Development of signs and symptoms during, or shortly after, ingestion.
D. Signs and symptoms are not attributable to another medical condition and are not better explained by another mental
disorder.

Answer 27

Substance Intoxication

Question 28

A. The disorder represents a clinically significant symptomatic presentation of a relevant mental disorder.
B. There is evidence from the history, physical examination, or laboratory findings of both the following:
1. The disorder developed during or within 1 month of a substance intoxication or withdrawal or taking a
medication;
2. The involved substance/medication is capable of producing the mental disorder. C. The disorder is not better explained by an independent mental disorder. Such evidence of an independent mental
disorder could include the following:
1. The disorder preceded the onset of severe intoxication or withdrawal or exposure to the medication;
2. The full mental disorder persisted for a substantial period of time after the cessation of acute withdrawal or
severe intoxication or taking the medication. D. The disorder does not occur exclusively during the course of delirium.
E. The disorder causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of
functioning

Answer 28

Substance/Medication-Induced Mental Disorder

Question 29

A. Persistent and recurrent problematic gambling behavior leading to clinically significant impairment or
distress, as indicated by the individual exhibiting four (4) or more of the following in a 12-month period:
1. Needs to gamble with increasing amounts of money in order to achieve the desired excitement. 2. Is restless or irritable when attempting to cut down or stop gambling. 3. Has made repeated unsuccessful efforts to control, cut back, or stop gambling.
4. Is often preoccupied with gambling. 5. Often gambles when feeling distressed. 6. After losing money gambling, often returns another day to get even
7. Lies to conceal the extent of involvement with gambling. 8. Has jeopardized or lost a significant relationship, job, or educational or career opportunity because of gambling. 9. Relies on others to provide money to relieve desperate financial situations caused by gambling

Answer 29

Gambling Disorder