Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

DSM IV > DSM IV 1 > Flashcards

DSM IV 1 Flashcards

1
Q

hallmarks of mental retardation

A

<70 IQ
deficits in adaptive functioning in at least 2 areas
onset before age 18

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

origin of mental retardation - prenatal vs. perinatal vs. postnatal

A

75% of cases are prenatal
10-15% perinatal (from one pound in utero to one month after birth)
10-15% postnatal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

genetic vs environmental factors in MR

A

genetic factors account for only about 5% of cases of mental retardation (e.g. chromosomal abnormalities such as Down’s)
environmental factors play a much larger role - usually during embryonic development - poor maternal nutrition, poor maternal personal health habits, limited access to health care, exposure to in utero to pollutants, chemical toxins (e.g. maternal alcohol consumption)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

MR comorbidities

A

3 - 4X more comorbid mental disorders in comparison with general population
most common - ADHD, Mood DIsorders, PDDs, Stereotypic Movement DIsorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Male to female ratio of MR

A

3:2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

mild mental retardation

A

85% of all individuals with MR
IQ 55-70
can develop social and communication skills
minimal sensorimotor impairments
can acquire skills up until 6th grade level
may achieve a minimum level of self-support

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

moderate mental retardation

A

40-55 IQ
develop communication skills and can usually attend to personal care
progress up to 2nd grade level in academic subjects
able to perform unskilled or semi-skilled work under supervision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

profound mental retardation

A

<25 IQ
significant impairment in sensorimotor functioning and typically need highly structured environment
likely to have underlying neurological basis for their disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how to diagnose a learning disorder

A

significant discrepancy between IQ and achievement (2 or more SDs)
learning problem interferes with academic achievement or activities of daily living

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

comorbid disorders with LD

A

Conduct Dsorder
ADHD
ODD
Depressive Disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Reading Disorder

A

type of LD
significant deficits in reading achievement
seldom diagnosed before end of kindergarten

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Mathematics Disorder

A

type of LD

significant deficits in mathematics ability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Disorder of Written Expression

A

type of LD

deficiency in writing skills, which interferes with writing grammatically correct sentences and organized paragraphs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Developmental Coordination Disorder

A

Motor Skills Disorder
deficits in daily activities that require motor coordination, which may be manifested by marked delays in achievement motor milestones or by clumsiness, poor performance in sports, or poor handwriting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Expressive Language Disorder

A

Communication Disorder
performance that is significantly below what would be expected in the area of expressive language
1/2 of children tend to outgrow it, while other half tend to have more long-lasting difficulties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Mixed Receptive-Expressive Language Disorder

A

Communication Disorder

symptoms of Expressive Language Disorder as well as problems in receptive language ability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Phonological Disorder

A

Communication Disorder
involves errors in sound production and use
including substituting one sound for another or omitting sounds such as final consonants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Stuttering

A

Communication Disorder
disturbance in the normal fluency and time patterning of speech, characterized by sound and syllable repetitions, introjections, broken words, blocking, circumlocutions, and monosyllabic whole-word repetitions
considered normal until about age 2 or 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Pervasive Developmental Disorders

A

severe and pervasive problems in several areas of development, including reciprocal social interactions, communication, or presence of stereotyped behavior, interests, and activities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Autistic Disorder

A 
PDD
a) impairment in social interaction
b) impairment in communication
c) restricted repertoire of activities
onset must be prior to age 3
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

comorbidities of Autistic Disorder

A

75% of children also diagnosed with Mental Retardation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

best prognosis with Autistic Disorder

A

late onset
high IQ
when child speaks before age 5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

male: female ratio for Autistic Disorder

A

4 or 5 : 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

savant

A

individual who has lower intelligence, but has striking and unusual abilities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Rett’s Disorder

A

PDD
between ages of 5 months and 48 months,
sudden deceleration of head growth,
acquisition of stereotyped hand movements, loss of social engagement, and appearance of poorly coordinated movements
severely impaired language development with psychomotor retardation
found only in females

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Childhood Disintegrative Disorder

A

PDD
more common among males
normal development for 2 years, followed by significant loss of previously acquired skills before age 10 in at least two areas: language, social skills, play, motor skills, and bowel/bladder control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Asperger’s Disorder

A

PDD
impaired social interaction and restricted repertoire of behavior, but not language, cognitive problems, or adaptive problems (other than social interaction)
more common in males
onset somewhat later than Autistic Disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

ADHD

A

at least six months
inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity
some of symptoms must have been present before age 7
must occur in at least two settings and interfere with functioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

male: female ADHD

A

6-9 times more common in males than females

30
Q

medications used to treat ADHD

A 
mostly using stimulants
Ritalin (methylphenidate)
Concerta (metheylphenidate)
Adderall (amphetamine)
Dexedrine (dextroamphetamine)
31
Q

ADHD over lifespan

A

symptoms tend to attenuate during adolescence or adolescence

32
Q

treatment of ADHD

A

behavior therapy
social skills
parenting education
EEG biofeedback

33
Q

Concomitant diagnoses with ADHD

A

ODD or CD

may also be higher prevalence of Mood Disorders, Anxiety Disorders, and Learning Disorders

34
Q

Conduct Disorder - hallmark

A

persistent pattern of behavior in which the basic rights of others or major age-appropriate societal norms or rules are violated

35
Q

4 categories of Conduct DIsorder

A

1) aggression to people or animals
2) destruction of property
3) deceitfulness or theft
4) serious violation of rules

36
Q

Conduct Diagnostic criteria

A

3 criteria within a one year period, and at least one criterion in the past six months

37
Q

subtypes of Conduct Disorder

A

Childhood-Onset (prior to age 10)

Adolescent-Onset (after age 10)

38
Q

Concomitant diagnoses with Conduct Disorder

A 
ADHD
Learning Disorders
Mood Disorders
Anxiety Disorders
Substance-Related Disorders
39
Q

Prognosis for Conduct Disorder

A

poor prognosis associated with early onset
symptoms remit by adulthood in the majority of people
BUT substance number continue to exhibit features and meet criteria for Antisocial Personality Disorder in adulthood

40
Q

Predisposing factors to Conduct Disorder

A

parental rejection and neglect
difficult infant temperament, inconsistent child-rearing with harsh discipline, physical or sexual abuse, lack of supervision, change in caregivers or institutional living, large family size, absent father, association with delinquent peer group

41
Q

treatment for Conduct Disorder

A 
behavior modification
family therapy
individual therapy
social skills training
medication as appropriate
more severe cases - residential or inpatient treatment
42
Q

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

A

recurrent pattern of negativistic, defiant, disobedient, and hostile behavior toward authority figures
4 criteria must be present for at least 6 months
typically present at home, may or may not be present at school, in community, or in clinical interview

43
Q

Concomitant disorders with ODD

A

ADHD
Learning Disorder
Communication Disorder

44
Q

PICA

A

eating nonnutritive substances for a period of at least one month

45
Q

PICA is frequently associated with

A

Mental Retardation

46
Q

Rumination Disorder

A

Repeated regurgitation and rechewing of food
minimum of one month period, following a period of normal functioning
age of onset between 3 and 12 months

47
Q

Feeding Disorder of Infancy or Early Childhood

A

failure to eat adequately with significant failure to gain weight or weight loss over one month
only made when there is no general medical condition that accounts for the symptoms
onset before age 6
most closely associated with “failure-to-thrive” syndrome

48
Q

Tics

A

sudden, rapid, recurrent, non=rhythmic, stereotyped motor movements or vocalizations
can be suppressed for a time, but eventually becomes irresistible
may increase under stress and decrease during absorbing activities

49
Q

treatments for tics

A

Catapres (Clonidine) - anti-hypertensive
Haldol (Haloperidol) - antipsychotic
Prozac (Fluoxetine) - SSRI

50
Q

Tourette’s DIsorder; treatment

A

MULTIPLE motor and ONE or more vocal tics
occur many times a day, nearly every day
period of one year of more
onset before age 18

51
Q

Disorders comorbid with Tourette’s

A

ADHD is most common

52
Q

Chronic Motor or Vocal Tic

A

single or multiple motor or vocal tics, but not both
for one year or more
onset before age 18

53
Q

Transient Tic Disorder

A

single or multiple motor and/or vocal tics which occur many times a day for a minimum of four weeks, but not longer than 1 year
onset before age 18

54
Q

Encopresis

A

passage of feces into inappropriate places
voluntary or involuntary
age of 4 years (chronological or mental)
at least once a month for a minimum of three months

55
Q

Subtypes of Encopresis

A

With Constipation and Overflow Incontinence

Without Constipation and Overflow Incontinence

56
Q

Enuresis

A

repeated voiding of urine into the bed or clothes
intentionally or involuntarily
minimal age of five years (chronological or mental)
occurs twice a week for at least three months

57
Q

Subtypes of Enuresis

A

Noctural Only
Diurnal Only
Nocturnal and Diurnal

58
Q

Remission of enuresis

A

99% of the time, remits by adulthood

59
Q

Medications to treat Enuresis

A

Tofranil (imipramine) - tricyclic antidepressant

DDAVP (nasal spray)

60
Q

Separation Anxiety Disorder

A

inappropriate and excessive anxiety concerning being away from home or away from person(s) to whom the individual is attached
at least four weeks and onset before age 18
may precede the development of Panic Disorder with Agoraphobia

61
Q

Selective Mutism

A

minimum of one moth’s duration
onset usually before age 5
considered a childhood anxiety disorder related to social anxiety and social phobia

62
Q

Reactive Attachment Disorder

A

significant disturbance in social relatedness in most contexts
begins before age 5 due to grossly pathological care

63
Q

two subtypes of RAD

A

Inhibited Type

Disinhibited Type

64
Q

Stereotypic Movement DIsorder

A

motor behavior that is repetitive and nonfunctional (e.g. body rocking, head banging, self-biting, etc)
interferes with normal activities or results in self-inflicted bodily injury
period of 4 weeks or more

65
Q

Delirium

A

acute confusional state characterized by disturbance of consciousness and change in cognitive abilities
onset must be rapid
course must be fluctuating
reversible
symptoms remit once condition contributing to delirium is treated

66
Q

Delirium most common….

A

in elderly and children

67
Q

Dementia

A

impairment in short-term or long-term memory
PLUS: aphasia, praxia, agnosia, or disturbance in executive functioning
interferes with work or social activities and is decline from previous levels of functioning

68
Q

Dementia of the Alzheimer’s Type

A

insidious onset and progressive deteriorating course
Early Onset - before age 65
diagnosed with neuropsychological testing, neurological examination, brain scans (CT or MRI)
diagnosis only confirmed with biopsy or autopsy after death

69
Q

Vascular Dementia

A

stepwise pattern of deterioration and patchy distribution of deficits
brought out by series of small strokes

70
Q

Amnestic Disorders

A

impairments in short-term or long-term memory
interferes with work and/or social functioning
other criteria for dementia are not met

71
Q

Substance-Induced Persisting Amnestic Disorder

A

AKA Korsakoff’s syndrome
can be caused by alcohol or sedatives, hypnotics, and anxiolytics
caused by chronic thiamin deficiency
ANTEROGRADE amnesia most significant memory deficit

DSM IV (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions