DSM-5_ Diagnostic features Flashcards
1
Q
What is PTSD?
A
-Post traumatic stress disorder
-Development of characteristic symptoms following exposure to 1 or more traumatic events
-Clinical presentation:
Predominantly fear/ anxiety
anhedonia/ dysphoria
arousal/ reactivity
dissociative or a combination
2
Q
PTSD
Diagnostic features
A
- confirmed experience of trauma
- Presence of intrution syptoms
- Persistent avoindace of stimuli associated with the event
- Negative alteration in cognition and mood associated with the event
- Marked alterations in arousal and reactivity associatded with trauma
3
Q
PTSD
What qualifies as an experience of trauma?
A
{Direct, Witnessed or Heard about event of a close friend/family}
4
Q
PTSD
What are Intrusion Symptoms?
A
- {Recurrent, involuntary and intrusive distressing memories/dreams}
- {Dissociative reactions (E.g. Flashbacks)}
- {Intense psychological distress and physiological response to cues associated with the trauma}
5
Q
PTSD
Name some examples of negative alterations in cognition and mood associated with (traumatic event).
A
- {Inability to remember details associated with trauma}
- {Negative beleif about self/expectations}
- {Feelings of detachment or estrangment from others}
6
Q
PTSD
What are some Marked alterations in arousal and reactivity associated with (trauma)?
A
- {Irritability/ angry outburst}
- {Reckless, self-destructive behaviour}
- {Exaggerated startle response}
- {Problems with concentration}
- {Hypervigilance}
- {sleep disturbances}
7
Q
What is Major Depressive Disorder?
A
- It is a mood disorder
- One of the most common disorder affecting 1in6 individuals.
- Individuals experince persistent feelings of sadness, helplessness and lose of intrest in activities they once enjoyed.
- Causes clinically significant distress or impairement in social, occupational, or in other important areas of functioning.
- May also show physical symptoms like chronic pain or digestive issues.
8
Q
Depression
Diagnostic Criteria
A
- {Must show at least 5 symptoms for a period of 2 weeks}
- {One of the symptoms has to be “Depressed mood” or “Lose of intressed or pleasure”}
- {Symptoms must not be due to direct physiological effects of a substance or medical condition}
- {MDE is not better explained by schizophrenia pr other psychiatric disorders.}
9
Q
Depression
Diagnostic features
A
- {Persistent feelings of sadness}
- {Loss of intrests in activities}
- {Diminished ability to think or concentrate}
- {Appetite or weight changes (up or down)}
- {Feelings of worthlessness or excessive inappropriate guilt(sometimes delusional)}
- {Recurrent thoughts of death or suicide}
- {Slowing down of thoughts}
- {Fatigue/ decreased energy}
10
Q
What is bipolar disorder?
A
- It is a mood disorder
- Includes Bipolar1, Bipolar2, Cyclothymia, and other related disorders.
- Age of onset in late teens/ early adulthood.
- Involves episodes of either manic or hypomanic episodes followed by episodes of major depressive disorder.
- Individuals often do not perceive that they are ill, in need of treatment, and can resist efforts to be treated.
- Often accompagnied by change in personal appearance
- May experience shaper sense of smell, hearing, vision.
11
Q
Bipolar
Features of Bipolar 1
A
- Age of onset 18
- Manic episodes: Periods of abonormally elavated expansive or irritable mood. Increased goal driven activities lasting 1 week and present most of the days.
- 3 or more of the following: Inflated self-esteem, more talkative, distractability, decreased need to sleep, racing thoughts, psychomoto agitation, increase goal directed activities, implusivity.
- Causes marked impairement in social/ occupational functioning.
- Major depressive Episode
12
Q
Bipolar
Features of Bipolar 2
A
- Age of onset Mid 20s (can be triggered by childbirth)
- Often begins with a depressive episode; becomes more disabling overtime.
- Hypomanic episode: Period of abnormally elevated expensive or irritable mood. Increased goal driven activities lasting 4 consecutive days, present most of the days.
- 3 or more of the same criteria as B1
- Episode is associated with an unequivical change in functioning, disturbance in mood, change in functioning(observed by others).
- Episodes not severe enaugh to impair social functioning.
- Major depressive episode.
13
Q
Bipolar
What are the charateristics of a manic episode?
{Emotional, Cognitive, Motor}
A
- Emotional: Elevated, euphoric, very sociable, impatient at any hindrace.
- Cognitive: Racing thoughts, flight of ideas, desire for action, impulsive behaviors, talkative, self confident, delusions of grandeur.
- Motor: Hyperactivity, tirelessness, requiring less sleep, increased sex drive, fluctuating appetite.
14
Q
Bipolar
What are the characteristics of a depressive episode
{Emotional, Cognitive, Motor}
A
- Emotional: Gloomy, hopeless, socially withdrawn, irritable.
- Cognitive: Slowness of thought, obsessive worrying, innability to make decisions, negative self-image, self-blame, delusions of guilt and disease.
- Motor: Less active, tired, experiencing difficulty in sleeping, decreased sex drive, decreased appetite.
15
Q
Bipolar
Rate of Cycling
A
- Rate of cycling varies
- Rapid cycling: 4 or more cycles in one year
- some individuals may cycle several times in one day
- Lability: rapid shifts in mood
