DSM 5 Technical Terms Flashcards
Affect
Pattern of observable behaviors that is the expression of subjectively experiences feeling state (emotion)
Blunted Affect
Significant reduction in the intensity of emotional expression
Flat Affect
(near) absence of any sign of affective expression
Inappropriate Affect
discordance between affective expression and the content of speech/ideation
labile affect
abnormal variability in affect with repeated, rapid, and abrupt shifts in affective expression
restricted/constricted affect
mild reduction in the range and intensity of emotional expression
agnosia
loss of ability ot recognize objects/persons/sounds/ shapes/ smells that occur in the absence of either impairment of the specific sense or significant memory loss
alogia
A.K.A. poverty of speech; negative symptom
impoverishment in thinking that is inferred from observing speech and language behavior
amnesia
inability to recall important autobiographical information that is inconsistent with ordinary forgetting
anhedonia
deficit in the capacity to feel pleasure and take interest in things
anosognosia
a person with an illness seems unaware of the existence of their mental health condition
antagonism
behaviors that put an individual at odds with other people, such as an exaggerated sense of self-importance with a concomitant expectation of special treatment, as well as callous antipathy toward others, encompassing both unawareness of others’ needs and feelings, and a readiness to use others in the service of self-enhancement; one of the five broad PERSONALITY TRAIT DOMAINS
antidepressant discontinuation syndrome
set of symptoms that can occur after abrupt cessation, or marked reduction in dose, of an antidepressant medication that had been taken continuously for at least 1 month
anxiety
apprehensive anticipation of future danger, or misfortune accompanied by a feeling of worry, distress, and/or somatic symptoms of tension; focus of anticipated danger may be internal/external
anxiousness
feelings of nervousness/tenseness in reaction to diverse situations; frequent worry about the negative effects of past unpleasant experiences and future negative possibilities; feeling fearful and apprehensive about uncertainty; expecting the worst to happen; facet of broad personality trait domain; NEGATIVE AFFECTIVITY
arousal
the physiological and psychological state of being awake or reactive to stimuli
asociality
reduced initiative for interacting with other people
attention
ability to focus in a sustained manner on a particular stimulus or activity; disturbance in may be manifested by easy distractibility or difficulty in finishing task or in concentrating on work
attention seeking
engaging in behavior designed to attract notice and make oneself the focus of others’ attention and admiration; facet of broad personality trait domain ANTAGONISM
autogynephilia
sexual arousal of natal male associated with the idea or image of being a woman
avoidance
act of keeping away from stress-related circumstances; a tendency to circumvent cues/ activities/ situations that remind the individual of a stressful event experience
avolition
inability to initiate and persist in goal-directed activities
bereavement
state of having lost through death of someone with whom one has close relationship; range of grief and mourning responses
callousness
lack of concern for the feelings or problems of others; lack of guilt or remorse about the negative or harmful effects of one’s actions on others; facet of the broad personality trait ANTAGONISM
catalespy
passive induction of a posture held against gravity; rigidity in muscles regardless of external stimuli
cataplexy
episodes of sudden bilateral loss of muscle tone resulting in the individual collapsing often occurring in association with intense emotions such as laughter, anger, fear, or surprise
circadian rhythms
Cyclical variations in physiological and biochemical function, level of sleep-wake activity, and emotional state; these have a cycle of about 24 hours, and ultradian rhythms have a cycle shorter than 1 day, infradian rhythms have a cycle that may last weeks or months.
cognitive and perceptual dysregulation
odd or unusual though processes and experiences, including DEPERSONALIZATION, DEREALIZATION, AND DISSOCIATION; mixed sleep-wake state experiences; and thought-control experiences; facet of broad personality trait domain PSYCHOTICISM
coma
state of complete loss of consciousness
compulsion
repetitive behavior (e.g., hand washing, ordering, checking) or mental acts (e.g., praying, counting, repeating words silently) that the individual feels driven to perform in response to an obsession, or according to rules that must be applied rigidly; aimed at preventing anxiety or distress, or preventing some dreaded event or situation; however, these behaviors or mental acts are not connected in a realistic way with what they are designed to neutralize or prevent or are clearly excessive
conversions symptom
loss of/ alteration in voluntary motor/sensory functioning, with or without apparent impairment of consciousness; not fully explained by a neurological or another medical condition or the direct effects of a substance; not intentionally produced or feigned
deceitfulness
Dishonesty and fraudulence; misrepresentation of self; embellishment or fabrication relating events; facet of the broad personality train domain ANTAGONISM
defense mechanism
mechanisms that mediate the individual’s reaction to emotional conflict and external stressors; some defense mechanisms (e.g., projection, splitting, acting out) are almost invariably maladaptive; others (e.g., suppression, denial) may be either maladaptive or adaptive, depending on their severity, their inflexibility, and the context in which they occur
delusion
a false belief based on incorrect inference about external reality that is firmly held despite what almost everyone else believes and despite what constitutes incontrovertible and obvious proof or evidence to the contrary; not ordinarily accepted by other members of the person’s culture or subculture
bizarre delusion
delusions that involve phenomenon that the person’s culture would regard as physically impossible
delusional jealousy
delusion that one’s sexual partner is unfaithful
erotomanic delusion
delusion that another person, usually of higher status, is in love with the individual
grandiose delusion
delusion of inflated worth/power/knowledge/identity/special relationship to a deity/famous person
mixed type delusion
delusions of more than one type; no one theme predominates
delusion of being controlled
delusion in which feelings/impulses/thoughts/actions are experiences as being under the control of some external force rather than being under one’s own control
delusion of reference
delusion in which events/objects/other persons in one’s immediate environment are seen as having a particular and unusual significance; usually of a negative/pejorative nature but also may be grandiose in content
persecutory delusion
delusion in which the central theme is that one (or someone to whom one is close) is being attacked/harrased/cheated/persecuted/conspired against
somatic delusion
delusion whose main content pertains to the appearance/functioning of one’s body
thought broadcasting delusion
delusion that one’s thoughts are being broadcast out loud so that they can be perceived by others
thought insertion delusion
delusion that certain one’s thoughts are not one’s own, but rather are inserted into one’s mind
depersonalization
experience of feeling detached from, and if one is outside observer of, one’s mental processes/body/actions
depressivity
feelngs of being intensely sad/miserable/hopeless; for some, an absence of feelings and/or dysphoria; difficulty recovering from moods; pessismism about the future; pervasive shame and/or guilt; feelings of inferior self-worth; and thoughts of suicide and suicidal behavior; facet of personality trait domain DETACHMENT
derealization
experience from feeling detached from, and as if one is an outside observer of, one’s surroundings
detachment
avoidance of socioemotional experience, including both WITHDRAWAL from interpersonal interactions and RESTRICTED AFFECTIVITY, particularly limited hedonic capacity; one of the five pathological PERSONALITY TRAIT DOMAIN
disinhibition
orientation toward immediate gratification, leading to impulsive behavior driven by current thoughts/feelings/external stimuli, without regard for past learning or consideration for future consequences; one of the five pathological PERSONALITY TRAIT DOMAINS
disorder of sex development
condition of significant inborn somatic deviations of the reproductive tract from the norm and/or of discrepancies among the biological indiciators of male and female
disorientation
confusion about the time of day, date, or season (time); where one is (place); or who one is (person)
dissociation
splitting of clusters of mental contents from conscious awareness; separation of an idea from its emotional significane and affect, as seen in the inappropriate affect in schizophrenia; may allow individual to maintain allegiance to two contradictory truths while remaining unconscious of the contradiction
distractibiility
difficulty concentrating and focusing on task; attention is easily diverted by extranous stimuli; difficulty maintaing goal-focused behavior, including both planning and completing task; facet of broad personality trait domain DISINHIBITION
dysarthria
disorder of speech sound production due to structural/motor impairment affecting the articulatory apparatus (e.g., cleft palate)
dyskinesia
distortion of voluntary movements with involuntary muscle activity
dysphoria (dysphoric mood)
condition in which a person experiences intense feelings of depression/discomfort/indefference to the world around them
dyssomnias
primary disorders of sleep or wakefulness charecterized by insomnia or hypersomnia as the major presenting symptom; disorders of the amount/quality/timing of sleep
dysthymia
presence, while depressed, of 2+ of the following: poor appetite/overeating, insomnia/hypersomnia, low energy/fatigue, low self-esteem, poor concentration/difficulty making decisions, and feelings of hopelessness
dystonia
disordered tonicity of muscles
