DSM 5 personality disorder

Question 1

Paranoid personality disorder

Answer 1

a pattern of distrust and suspiciousness such that others’ motives are interpreted as malevolent.

Question 2

Schizoid personality disorder

Answer 2

a pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of emotional expression.

Question 3

Schizotypal personality disorder

Answer 3

a pattern of acute discomfort in close relationships, cognitive or perceptual distortions, and eccentricities of behavior.

Question 4

Antisocial personality disorder

Answer 4

a pattern of disregard for, and violation of, the rights of others.

Question 5

Borderline personality disorder

Answer 5

a pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked
impulsivity.

Question 6

Histrionic personality disorder

Answer 6

a pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking.

Question 7

Narcissistic personality disorder

Answer 7

a pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy.

Question 8

Avoidant personality disorder

Answer 8

a pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative
evaluation.

Question 9

Dependent personality disorder

Answer 9

a pattern of submissive and clinging behavior related to an excessive need to be taken care
of.

Question 10

Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

Answer 10

a pattern of preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and control.

Question 11

Cluster A

Answer 11

Paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal personality disorders = individuals appear odd or eccentric (5.7%)

Question 12

Cluster B

Answer 12

Antisocial, borderline, histrionic, and narcissistic personality disorders = individuals appear dramatic, emotional, or erratic (1.5%)

Question 13

Cluster C

Answer 13

Avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders = individuals appear anxious or fearful (6.0%)

Question 14

General Personality Disorder (DSM)

Answer 14

At least 2 out of 4 criteria (cognition, affectivity, interpersonal functioning, impulse control); the pattern is relatively stable over time; present at least for 1 year

Question 15

Paranoid personality disorder (DSM)

Answer 15

A pervasive distrust and suspiciousness indicated by at least 4 out of 7.

• -> Because they are hypervigilant for potential threats, they may act in a guarded, secretive, or devious manner and appear to be “cold” and lacking in tender feelings.
• -> more males

Question 16

Schizoid personality disorder (DSM)

Answer 16

A pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of expression of emotions in interpersonal settings, indicated by at least 7 any of 7.

• -> doesn’t need social interactions
• -> no interest in sexual experiences with another person
• -> difficulties expressing anger
• -> may experience brief psychotic episodes
• -> more males

Question 17

Schizotypal personality disorder (DSM)

Answer 17

A pervasive pattern of social and interpersonal deficits marked by acute discomfort with, and reduced capacity for, close relationships as well as by cognitive or perceptual distortions and eccentricities of behavior, indicated by at least 5 out of 9.

• -> magical thinking
• -> suspiciousness or paranoid ideation
• -> excessive social anxiety
• -> ideas of reference
• -> transient psychotic episodes in response to stress
• -> more in males

Question 18

Antisocial personality disorder (DSM)

Answer 18

A pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others, occurring since age 15 years, as indicated by at least 3 out of 7.
–> must be at least 18 years to be diagnosed
–> preceding conduct disorder
–> lack of remorse
–> arrogant
–> superficial charm
–> experience dysphoria
! PREDISPOSITION: conduct disorder (before age of 10) + ADHD/ADD; child abuse/neglect
–> highest among man with SUB (specially alcohol); low SES and urban settings

Question 19

Borderline personality disorder (DSM)

Answer 19

A pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity, indicated by at least 5 out of 9.
–> unstable and intense interpersonal relationships
–> identity disturbance
–> self-damaging impulsivity
–> suicidal behaviour
–> emptiness
–> anger
–> stress-related paranoid ideation
–> May have a pattern of undermining themselves at the moment a goal is about to be realized
–> May feel more secure with transitional objects (i.e., a pet or inanimate possession) than in interpersonal relationships.
! PREDISPOSITION: physical and sexual abuse, neglect, hostile conflict, and early parental loss
–> diagnosed more in females

Question 20

Histrionic personality disorder (DSM)

Answer 20

A pervasive pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts, indicated by at least 5 out of 8.
–> Is uncomfortable in situations in which he or she is not the center of attention.
–> sexually seductive or provocative behavior
–> rapidly shifting and shallow expression of emotions
–> Consistently uses physical appearance to draw attention to self.
–> Has a style of speech that is excessively impressionistic and lacking in detail.
–> elf-dramatization, theatricality, and exaggerated expression
–> suggestible
–> Considers relationships to be more intimate than they actually are.
–> May seek to control their partner through emotional manipulation or seductiveness on one level, while displaying a marked
dependency on them at another level
–> rave novelty, stimulation, and excitement and tend to become bored with their usual routine.
–> immediate satisfaction
–> more in females

Question 21

Narcissistic personality disorder (DSM)

Answer 21

A pervasive pattern of grandiosity (in fantasy or behavior), need for admiration, and lack of empathy, indicated by at least 5 out of 9.

• -> grandiose sense of self-importance
• -> belief of being special
• -> Requires excessive admiration
• -> lack empathy
• -> arrogant
• -> envious
• -> Narcissistic PD is also associated with anorexia nervosa and substance use disorders (especially related to cocaine).
• -> higher in male

Question 22

Avoidant personality disorder (DSM)

Answer 22

A pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation, indicated by at least 4 out of 7.

• -> fear of criticism, disapproval, or rejection
• -> unwilling to get involved with people unless certain of being liked.
• -> restraint within intimate relationships because of the fear of being shamed or ridiculed.
• -> reluctant to take personal risks
• -> Are very anxious about the possibility that they will react to criticism with blushing or crying
• -> Desire affection and acceptance and may fantasize about idealized relationships with others.
• -> M=F
• -> very similar to social anxiety disorder

Question 23

Dependent personality disorder (DSM)

Answer 23

A pervasive and excessive need to be taken care of that leads to submissive and clinging behavior and fears of separation, indicated by at least 5 out of 8.
–> difficulty making everyday decisions without an excessive amount of advice and reassurance from others.
–> Needs others to assume responsibility for most major areas of his or her life.
–> difficulty expressing disagreement with others because of fear of loss of support or approval.
–> lack of self-confidence
–> Feels uncomfortable or helpless when alone because of exaggerated fears of being unable to care for himself or
herself.
–> Urgently seeks another relationship
–> pessimism and self-doubt
–> may seek overprotection and dominance from others.
! PREDISPOSITION: Chronic physical illness or separation anxiety disorder in childhood or adolescence
–> more in females

Question 24

Obsessive-Compulsive personality disorder

Answer 24

A pervasive pattern of preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and mental and interpersonal control, at the expense of flexibility, openness, and efficiency, indicated by at least 4 out of 8.

• -> Shows perfectionism that interferes with task completion
• -> Is excessively devoted to work and productivity to the exclusion of leisure activities and friendships
• -> over-conscientious, scrupulous, and inflexible about matters of morality, ethics, or values
• -> unable to discard worn-out or worthless objects even when they have no sentimental value.
• -> rigidity and stubbornness.
• -> Decision making may become a time-consuming, often painful process.
• -> preoccupied with logic and intellect, and intolerant of affective behavior in others.
• -> twice as much in males