DSM-5

Question 1

Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) definition and onset

Answer 1

Recurrent pattern of developmentally inappropriate levels of defiant, disobedient, and hostile behavior toward authority figures. Individuals with this disorder experience varying levels of dysfunction secondary to oppositionality, vindictiveness, arguments, and aggression. Preschool or early elementary, even adolescence. For children under age 5, the behaviors occur on most days for at least six months. For people 5 and older, the behaviors occur at least once per week for at least six months. The severity of this illness is based on the number of settings in which these behaviors are observed. It usually resolves at 18. At greater risk of developing conduct disorder and antisocial personality disorder in adulthood.

Question 2

Conduct disorder, definition and onset

Answer 2

It involves severe behaviors that violate the rights of others or societal norms. Behaviors may involve aggression towards others, animals, and/or destruction of property, deceitfulness or theft (broken into properties, manipulates others, stolen).
Serious violations of rules (runs away from home, truant from school, stays out at night), all of which could result in legal consequences. Symptoms tend to appear between middle childhood and middle adolescents. It is rare for these symptoms to first appear after the age of 16. Conduct disorder is only diagnosed in children and youth up to 18 years of age.

Question 3

Risk factors for conduct disorder

Answer 3

Harsh parenting styles, exposure to physical or sexual abuse during childhood, unstable upbringing, maternal substance use during pregnancy, parental substance use and criminal activity, and poverty.

Question 4

Intermittent explosive disorder (IED) definition and onset

Answer 4

a disorder associated with frequent impulsive anger outbursts or aggression—such as temper tantrums, verbal arguments, and fights. The observed behaviors result in physical assaults towards others or animals, property destruction, or verbal aggression. The recurrent aggressive outbursts are manifested by the following:
Occur twice weekly, on average, for a period of 3 months.
Are out of proportion to the event or incident that triggered them.
Are impulsive and not premeditated.
Cause marked distress for the person.
Cause problems at work or home. these aggressive behaviors are not planned, they are impulsive and anger based, and are NOT committed to achieve an objective (e.g., money, power or intimidation).7 They happen rapidly after being provoked and typically do not last longer than 30 minutes. These outbursts must be associated with subjective distress or social or occupational dysfunction. Late childhood or adolescence