DSM 4 versus DSM 5

Question 1

DSM 4 changed bc

Answer 1

• they felt that it failed to look at symptoms and shared features

Question 2

the DSM 5 did a couple of things…

Answer 2

• The DSM 5 was organized to emphasize the interrelationship of the diagnoses
  - lifetime spectrum
  
  • developmental trajectories
  • cultural perspectives (and variation within cultures)
  • discussed neuroimaging
  • removed the multiaxial system

Question 3

The DSM 5 does not have a multi axial system

Answer 3

But it does have the same disorders (although maybe with different names)
- DSM 5 moved to a nonaxial documentation of diagnosis (formerly Axis I and II, and III), with separate notations for important psychosocial and contextual factors (axis IV) and disabilities (Axis V)

Question 4

somatoforms are now called…

Answer 4

somatic symptom and related disorders

Question 5

Dementia is now called

Answer 5

Major Neuro-cognitive Disorder

Question 6

We have learned about diagnoses in a codified set BUT

Answer 6

but research has indicated that this may not be the case anymore. the first DSM has codified separate disorders. Alot of research in the last decade has challenged these separate codified disorders
- evidence that indicates brain function that are similar across disorders

Question 7

RDOC

Answer 7

RDOC is a research framework for new ways of studying new disorders and to better understand basic dimensions of functioning underlying the full range of human behavior from normal to abnormal.

• integrates many levels of information (genomics to self-report)
• mental illness is a list of domains and presents as a clinical syndrome

Question 8

RDOC became popular because

Answer 8

• many people have more than one disorder.
• people do not fit into diagnostic categories perfectly
• RDOC attempts to understand psychopathology in regards to component abnormalities in discrete systems (domains)
• psychiatric illnesses are brain disorders, but also are a result of social processes that produce a mental illness.n
• no research that says that a combination of symptoms = underlying bio disorder

Question 9

DSM 5 = trying to be dimensional

RDOC- is dimensional

Answer 9

-You cannot check a box off and make a diagnosis using the RDoc
-It is an attempt to create a taxonomy to mental illness by bringing various approaches together.
= when they do the unit of analysis…they will ideally have a better understanding of mental illness of the individual

Question 10

Rdoc systems

Answer 10

• negative valence systems
• positive valence systems
• cognitive systems
• systems for social processes
• arousal/modulatory systems

Question 11

RDOC- Negative Valence Systems

Answer 11

• acute threat
• potential threat
• loss
• sustained threaten
• frustrating nonreward

Question 12

RODC- Positive Valence Systems

Answer 12

• Approach motivation
• initial responsiveness to reward
• sustained responsiveness to reward
• reared learning
• habit

Question 13

RDOC- Cognitive Systems

Answer 13

• attention
• perception
• working memory
• declarative memory
• language behavior
• cognitive (effortful control)

Question 14

RDoc -Systems for social processes

Answer 14

• affiliation
• social communication
• perception / understanding of self
• perception/ understanding of others

Question 15

RDOC- arousal / modulatory systems

Answer 15

• arousal
• biological rhythms
• sleep wake

Question 16

The field is moving away from ______________ and towards a _________________.

Answer 16

The field is moving away from a symptom focused system and towards a neurobiological mechanism and a more multi approach. Breaking down mental illness into relevant domains and constructs.

Question 17

Tertiary care

Answer 17

Treating symptoms or someone that is already ill and in distress. We do not prevent illness (preventative care). We are more reactive and react to the presenting symptoms.