DSM Flashcards
Autistic Disorder vs. Asperger’s Disorder
Autistic Disorder:
• Before age 3
• Not much language development
Asperger’s Disorder:
• Later onset after age 3
• There is Language development – may be talkative
• Lack of social skills and understanding of cues
Rett’s Disorder vs. Pervasive Developmental Disorder NOS
Rett’s Disorder: • Mostly effects girls • Growth slows down around 18 months • Severe retardation • Enlarged head
Pervasive Developmental Disorder NOS:
• On the spectrum but downs’ meet criteria
• Some social difficulties
Learning Disorder vs. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Learning Disorder:
• Psych test is needed to rule out.
• Processing issues
• Reading issues re: phonics - trouble sounding out and recognizing symbols/letters
ADHD • Prior to age 7 • Symptoms in two different settings where they are required to pay attention • Inability to stay seated • Excessive talking and interrupting • Inability to focus and concentrate • Disorganized • Can't finish homework • fighting and irritability (rule out depression in kids)
Pica vs. Rumination Disorder
Pica:
Eating dirt etc
Rumination Disorder:
• Re-chewing food
• Partially digested food comes back up and is re
Expressive Language Disorder vs. Phonological Disorder
Expressive Language Disorder:
• Need psych test
• difficulty with new rods
• socially well adjusted
Phonological Disorder:
• Speech and articulation difficulties
• Difficult to understand
Tourette’s Disorder vs. Transient Tic Disorder
Tourette’s Disorder:
• Symptoms for at least one year
• physical and vocal tick
• Requires a vocal tick
Transient Tic Disorder:
• less that one year
• need not be vocal
Encopresis vs. Enuresis
Encopresis:
• 4 year plus inappropriate poop control
Enuresis:
• At least five years old
• Bed wetting or cloth wetting
Separation Anxiety Disorder vs. Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Separation Anxiety Disorder: • Anxiety of separation from object • From home • Fear of kidnap • Nightmares • Fear of being alone at home • Somatic complaints • Fear harm may come to object
Generalized Anxiety Disorder:
• Pervasive anxiety
• Symptoms for six months
• Worry and perseveration about daily things
IF less than 6 months Generalized Anxiety disorder NOS
Selective Mutism vs. Social Phobia
Selective Mutism:
• Rare anxiety
• Refuse to speak in certain situations
Social Phobia:
• Fear of being in social situations
Reactive Attachment Disorder: Inhibited Type vs. Disinhibited Type (Both early attachment disruption) From abuse, neglect, too much foster shuffling.
Reactive Attachment Disorder Inhibited:
• Afraid to attach to object
• Stay by themselves
• Or have given up that attachment is possible
Reactive Attachment Disorder Disinhibited:
• No borders.
• Crawl into a strangers lap
• So many care givers that they attach anywhere
Oppositional Defiant Disorder vs. Conduct Disorder
Oppositional Defiant Disorder:
• Negative hostile, defiant, violent with authority
• Irritable and argumentative (RO depression)
Conduct Disorder
• Basic disregard for the rights of others and societal norms
• Violations of property, Lying, Vandalism, violence
• Law is involved.
Brief Psychotic Disorder vs. Schizophreniform Disorder vs. Schizophrenia vs Schizoaffective Disorder
Brief Psychotic Disorder:
• Less that a month
Schizophreniform Disorder
• Less than 6 months
Schizophrenia
* Symptoms for over 6 months
Schizoaffective Disorder
• Psychotic base with Mood disorder symptoms.
Positive Symptoms:
• Delusions - bizarre and non bizarre
• Hallucinations
• Disorganized thinking
Negative Symptoms
• Affect flattening
• Poverty of speech
• avoliation - can’t initiate and follow through
Major Depressive Disorder vs. Depressive Disorder NOS vs. Dysthymic Disorder
Major Depressive Disorder: • At least 2 weeks •Changes in appetite •Changes in Sleep • irritability •Anger •Worthlessness and guilt • Changes in biological functions • Difficult concentration • Reduced ability to function •Clear marked impact on life
Depressive Disorder NOS:
• Lighter more mild
Dysthymic Disorder
• for at least 2 years
• Children under 18 = 1 year
Bipolar I Disorder vs. Bipolar II Disorder vs. Cyclothymic Disorder
Bipolar I Disorder:
• Full Manic Episode for at least a week or more and
• cause difficulty or impairment in their social functioning — •racing thoughts, rapid speech, hyperactive, elevated, irritable mood, hyper sexual
Bipolar II Disorder:
• Episode of Hypo Manic phase for min of 4 days.
• Different than usual mood.
• And also episode of major depression.
Cyclothymic Disorder:
•Hypo mania and depression NOS - milder depression.
• These are milder and so may not interfere as fully with their lives.
• Mild up and down but noticeable.
Schizoaffective Disorder vs. Mood Disorder with Psychotic Features
Schizoaffective Disorder:
Schizoaffective disorder is a condition in which a person experiences a combination of schizophrenia symptoms — such as hallucinations or delusions — and mood disorder symptoms, such as mania or depression.
A. An uninterrupted period of illness during which, at some time, there is either:
a Major Depressive Episode,
a Manic Episode, or
a Mixed Episode
concurrent with symptoms that meet (4) Criterion A for Schizophrenia.
Note: The Major Depressive Episode must include depressed mood.
Two (or more) of the following, each present for a significant portion of time during a 1-month period (or less if successfully treated):
delusions
hallucinations
disorganized speech (e.g., frequent derailment or incoherence)
grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior
negative symptoms, i.e., affective flattening, alogia, or avolition
Bereavement vs. Major Depressive Disorder vs. Adjustment Disorder With Depressed Mood
Bereavement:
• Less that 2 months
Major Depressive Disorder: • At least 2 weeks •Changes in appetite •Changes in Sleep • irritability •Anger •Worthlessness and guilt • Changes in biological functions • Difficult concentration • Reduced ability to function •Clear marked impact on life
Adjustment Disorder With Depressed Mood
• Actual stressor
• Symptoms come on within 3 months
• Not in response to a death
Panic Disorder Without Agoraphobia vs. Panic Disorder With Agoraphobia
Panic Disorder Without Agoraphobia: • Unexpected sudden onset of panic attack • heart pounding • Fear of dying • chocking • physical experience
Panic Disorder With Agoraphobia:
• At least one attack and persistent fear that it may happen again
• Fear of going out in public for this reason
Specific Phobia vs. Social Phobia
Specific Phobia:
• Marked and persistent fear of something ordinary
Social Phobia
• Anxiety in social or performance situations
• Triggered by new place
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder vs. Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
• Obsessive thoughts or images (hand and germs)
• Compulsive actions in respond to obsession in order to remove the anxiety (washing hands)
• perseverates and can’t ignore - ego dystonic
Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder: • Control freak • perfectionism • hyper detail oriented • Not aware = ego syntonic
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) vs. Acute Stress Disorder vs. Adjustment Disorder With Anxiety
(Stress Disorder = re-experieinceing in obtrusive manor a traumatic event) • Intrusive memories • Nightmares •feeling it's reoccurring •hyper vigilance •Startle response •reliving of the event • numbing effect - numbing •avoiding situations for fear of the event •difficulty concentrating •Difficulty falling asleep
PTSD: • 1 month plus ASD • less that a month Adjustment Disorder With Anxiety • not reliving event
Generalized Anxiety Disorder vs. Anxiety Disorder NOS vs. Adjustment Disorder With Anxiety
DIFFERENCE IS THE TIME LINE
Symptoms:
• Excessive anxiety and worry, about the future, apprehension, more days than not in more than one setting. • Difficulty controlling the worry. Restlessness. Easily fatigues. Mind going blank. Difficulty concentrating.
Problems sleeping, Muscle tension, Waking prematurely.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder:
• Present for at least 6 months
Anxiety Disorder NOS:
• Less that six months..
Delirium vs. Dementia
Delirium: needs immediate medical attention
• Cognitive impairment confusion with rapid onset
• Clouding of consciousness
• usually related to illness or medication
•Altered state of consciousness – talking screaming
• in hospital setting
Dementia: •Irreversible impairment of cognitive function • Short term memory loss •Gradual onset like Alzheimers •Can come from stroke
Somatization Disorder vs. Conversion Disorder vs. Hypochodriasis
Somatization Disorder:
• history of multiple physical complaints
• before age 30
• multiples doctors for multiple things
• across the board issues including gastro-intestinal
• sexual issue
• can’t be fully explained by a medical condition.
• social or occupational impairment results
Conversion Disorder:
• Psychological factors convert to a physical symptom
• Blind rage
• Losing motor ability
Hypochodriasis:
• persistent belief that they have a disease despite proof the the contrary.
• Don’t believe when the doctor tells them there is nothing wrong.
• obsession - despite full symptomology
Factitious Disorder vs. Malingering vs. Münchausen Syndrome by Proxy
Factitious Disorder:
• Person acts as if ill, fakes it because they like the attention of being the patient.
Malingering:
• Faking the symptoms to get an external gain
• Disability payments for example.
Münchausen Syndrome by Proxy:
• Parent believes that the child is ill - secondary gain.
• Can make the kids sick to be able to bring them in.
Anorexia Nervosa vs. Bulimia Nervosa
Anorexia Nervosa: • Body weight of less than 85% • Overwhelming fear of ganging weight • markedly thin • Restricting type • can lose period • can have purging
Bulimia Nervosa:
• Binge eating, purging or non purging type
• If there is no binging it is ED NOS
Eating Disorder NOS vs. Body Dysmorphic Disorder
Eating Disorder NOS: •Throwing up • Not binging • having body issues •Not low weight
Body Dysmorphic Disorder
Depersonalization Disorder vs. Dissociative Amnesia
Depersonalization Disorder:
• Persistent or recurrent experience of feeling detached from oneself or from the outside observer.
• causes clinically significant distress or impairment ins social, occupational or other important areas of functioning
Dissociative Amnesia
• inability to recall import an persona, autobiographical information.
Dissociative Fugue vs. Dissociative Identity Disorder
Dissociative Fugue
• fugue - found in the park and can’t remember who he is
Dissociative Identity Disorder:
• Multiple personalities show up (used to be multiple personality disorder)
Sexual Aversion Disorder vs. Dyspareunia vs. Vaginismus
Sexual Aversion Disorder:
• Aversion to sexual experience
• lack of desire
Dyspareunia:
•Pain during sex for both man or woman
Vaginismus:
•A spasm in the outer wall of the vagina that makes it difficult or painful to have intercourse.
Primary insomnia vs. Primary Hypersomnia
Primary insomnia:
• at least one month
• Difficulty going to sleep and maintaing sleep
• Distress in social or occupational functioning
• not associated with any other diagnosis
Primary Hypersomnia:
• at least one month
• Oversleep, difficulty getting up
• Stress in emotional or occupational
• Distress in social or occupational functioning
• not associated with any other diagnosis
Nightmare Disorder vs. Sleep Terror Disorder
Nightmare Disorder:
• Remembers the dream
• oriented an alert after they way
Sleep Terror Disorder • re-current and abrupt waking from sleep with somatic rise • confusion and disorientation on waking • Can't remember the dream •
Intermittent Explosive Disorder vs. Kleptomania vs. Trichotillomania
Intermittent Explosive Disorder:
• several episodes of failure to resist and aggressive impose that results in serious assaultive acts or description of property.
• not associated with any other disorders or diagnosis or substance abuse or medical condition
Kleptomania:
• Failure to resist impulses to steal objects not needed for personal uses or for monetary value.
• just for the act of stealing
Trichotillomania:
Pulling out hair for pleasure, gratification or relief.
Substance Abuse vs. Substance Dependence vs. Substance Induced Mood Disorder
Substance Abuse
• Us is interfering with life
Substance Dependence:
• Tolerance and Withdrawal symptoms
Substance Induced Mood Disorder:
• A mood disorder combined with substance use
• Rule Out medical
• Rule Out substance
Substance-Induced Anxiety Disorder vs. Psychosis vs. Mood Disorder
Substance-Induced Anxiety Disorder:
•A. Prominent anxiety, Panic Attacks, or obsessions or compulsions predominate in the clinical picture.
B. There is evidence from the history, physical examination, or laboratory findings of either (1) or (2):
(1) the symptoms in Criterion A developed during, or within 1 month of, Substance Intoxication or Withdrawal
(2) medication use is etiologically related to the disturbance
C. The disturbance is not better accounted for by an Anxiety Disorder that is not substance induced. Evidence that the symptoms are better accounted for by an Anxiety Disorder that is not substance induced might include the following: the symptoms precede the onset of the substance use (or medication use); the symptoms persist for a substantial period of time (e.g., about a month) after the cessation of acute withdrawal or severe intoxication or are substantially in excess of what would be expected given the type or amount of the substance used or the duration of use; or there is other evidence suggesting the existence of an independent non-substance-induced Anxiety Disorder (e.g., a history of recurrent non-substance-related episodes).
D. The disturbance does not occur exclusively during the course of a Delirium.
E. The disturbance causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.
Psychosis:
Alcohol Abuse, Early full Remission vs Alcohol abuse, sustained full remission
Sober for 1-12 months is early. After 12 months is full.
Paranoid Personality Disorder vs. Delusional Disorder vs. Schizophrenia
Paranoid Personality Disorder:
• Irrational suspicions and distrust of others in all their domains.
• preoccupied with these doubters of loyalties of friends and beloved
• hold grudges against wha they perceive as insults
Delusional Disorder:
• Non bizarre delusion which is specific ( a movie star is in love with me, wife is cheat in on me, etc)
Schizophrenia:
• Hallucinations,
• Delusions
Schizoid Personality Disorder vs. Avoidant Personality Disorder vs. Major Depressive Disorder
Schizoid Personality Disorder:
• Ego Sintonic
• Lack and interest in personal relationships
• Loners who may be withdrawn - They like to be alone
• but no longing to be with others
• may have some depression – social connections bring happiness
• over the course of life
Avoidant Personality Disorder: • Ego Sintonic • Lonely • want to connect with others • fear of being rejected or evaluated negatively
Major Depressive Disorder
• Ego Distonic
• aware that they are withdrawing from friends etc
• aware of the collapse effecting thyme
Schizotypal Personality Disorder vs. Schizophrenia
Schizotypal Personality Disorder:
• Pre curser to Schizophrenia
• characterized by odd thinking and behavior
• ideas of reference i.e.: read a magazine and think it’s directed toward them
• bizarre fantasies
• can have paranoid ideation
• have not crossed over into Schizophrenic episodes
• lack close friend
Antisocial Personality Disorder vs. Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Antisocial Personality Disorder:
• 18 or older
• needs to be previous diagnosis of Conduct disorder, onset before age 15
• pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others.
• law breaking
• Deception and lying for profit or pleasure
• impulsive
• aggressive
• reckless
• indifference, lack of remorse, rationalization of mistreating and hurting other.
Narcissistic Personality Disorder:
• lack of empathy – not understanding what another person would think or feel.
• Grandiose sense of self and importance
• eggagerated achievements
• expect to be recognized as superior
• Sense of entitlement
• fantasies of unlimited success or power
• special and unique
* often envious, arrogant and bought of others
• can fly into a rage if they are challenged
• common for perpetrators of domestic violence.
Borderline Personality Disorder vs. Histrionic Personality Disorder
Borderline Personality Disorder
• Instability in relationships – like you/hate you
• fear of being rejected. Will go to extremes if they feel rejected.
* recurrent suicidal gestures
• ideal therapist and then devalue you
• identity disturbances - sense of self fluctuates
• extreme moods
• feelings of emptiness and then extreme rage ( difficulty controlling rage)
Histrionic Personality Disorder: • pervasive attention seeking behaviors • can be seductive dresser • need to be center of attention • shifting of shallow affects • Can be very dramatic
Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder vs. Dependent Personality
Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder
• Rigid comforting to rules and excessive orderliness
• difficulty delegating
Dependent Personality:
• Difficulty making decisions without advice or reassurance for other people.
• differ their life and decision making process to others
•difficulty disagreeing with others – fear of loss of approval and support.
• Disbelief in their own judgment
• will take on tasks that are unpleasant just to have peeps like them
• can be uncomfortable when alone because they doubt their own ability to take care of themselves.
• from relationship to relationship
