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GIT > Dse of the Esophagus > Flashcards

Dse of the Esophagus Flashcards

1
Q

What are the disease seen in esophagus?

A
  1. Gastroesophageal Reflux (GERD)
  2. Esophageal Cancer
  3. Schatzki ring
  4. Plummer-Vinson or Paterson-Kelly syndrome
  5. Hiatal Hernia
  6. Achalasia
  7. Corrosive esophagitis
  8. Mallory-weiss tear
  9. Esophageal varices
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2
Q

What are the symptoms of Esophageal Dse?

A
  1. Heartburn (pyrosis)
  2. Regurgitation
  3. Chest pain
  4. Esophageal dysphagia
  5. Odynophagia
  6. Globus sensation (globus pharyngeus)
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3
Q

It is the most common esophageal symptom, a discomfort or burning sensation behind the sternum that arises from the epigastrium and may radiate toward the neck

A
  • Heartburn (pyrosis)
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4
Q

SYMPTOMS OF ESOPHAGEAL DISEASE:
effortless return of food or fluid into the pharynx without nausea or retching

A
  • Regurgitation
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5
Q

SYMPTOMS OF ESOPHAGEAL DISEASE:
Characteristics similar to cardiac pain a pressure type sensation in the mid chest, radiating to the mid back, arms, or jaws.

A
  • Chest pain
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6
Q

SYMPTOMS OF ESOPHAGEAL DISEASE:
Feeling of food “sticking” or even lodging in the chest.

A
  • Esophageal dysphagia
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7
Q

SYMPTOMS OF ESOPHAGEAL DISEASE:
- Pain either caused by or exacerbated by swallowing
- more common with pill or infectious esophagitis

A
  • Odynophagia
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8
Q

SYMPTOMS OF ESOPHAGEAL DISEASE:
Preception of a lump or fullness in the throat that is felt irrespective of swallowing. Often occurs in the settling of anxiety or obssessive-compulsive disorders

A
  • Globus sensation
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9
Q

what are the 3 dominant mechanisms of esophagogastric junction icompetence?

A
  1. Transient LES relaxations
  2. LES hypotension
  3. Anatomic distortion of the esophagogastric junction inclusive of hiatal hernia
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10
Q

What is the typical manifestation of GERD?

A
  • Heartburn and Regurgitation
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11
Q

Less typical or common symptoms of GERD?

A
  • Dysphagia & chest pain
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12
Q

What are the esophageal syndromes associated with GERD>

A
  1. Chronic cough
  2. Laryngitis
  3. Asthma
  4. Dental erosion
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13
Q

What is the hallmark for endoscopic examination of GERD

A
  • Erosive esophagitis at the esophagogastric junction
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14
Q

why does esophagitis occurs in GERD patient?

A
  • Esophagitis occurs when refluxed gastric acid and pepsin induce inflammation of the esophageal mucosa that leads to microscopic injury and macroscopic erosion and ulcers
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15
Q

At what pH level is an indication of recent acid reflux?

A
  • pH <4
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16
Q

How does Reflux testing is done?

A
  • ambulatory 24-94 h esophageal pH monitoring using wireless pH sensitive transmitter
17
Q

what are refluxogenic foods?

A
  1. Fatty foods
  2. Alcohol
  3. Spearmint
  4. Peppermint
  5. Possibly coffee and tea
18
Q

What are the 3 category of foods to avoid to prevent GERD?

A
  1. Refluxogenic food
  2. Acidic foods (citrus fruits and tomato based foods)
  3. Also minimize reflux or heartburn by avoiding stress
19
Q

It is a treatment of GERD wherein the proximal stomach is wrapped around the distal esophagus to create an antireflux barrier - this is usually done with severe however it is rarely done

A

Laparoscopic Nissen Fundoplication

20
Q

What are prevention of GERD in progressing to Barret’s syndrome?

A
  1. High-dose proton pump inhibitor therapy
  2. PPI + Aspirin
  3. Delay all cause mortality or the development of esophageal adenocarcinoma or progression to high-grade dysplasia
20
Q

What is the typical presentation of Esophageal Cancer

A
  • Progressive solid food dysphagia and weight loss
21
Q

What are the associated symptoms of esophageal cancer

A
  1. odynophagia
  2. Iron deficiency
  3. Cough from tracheoesophageal fistula
  4. Hoarseness from left recurrent laryngeal nerve injury
22
Q

What is the diameter of the lumen seen with Schatzki rings

A
  • <13 mm
23
Q

Schatzki ring is associated with? other than narrowing of lumen

A
  • episodic solid food dysphagia
24
Q

It is one of the most common causes of intermittent food impaction also known as “ steakhouse syndrome”

A

Schatzki rings

25
Q

it is constriction of the esophagus seen higher in the esophagus can be of congenital or inflammatory in origin

A

Web-like constriction

26
Q

A narrowing syndrome characterize with combination of symptomatic proximal esophageal webs and iron-deficiency anemia in middle-aged woman

A
  • Plummer vinson or paterson-kelly syndrome
27
Q
A

GIT (6 decks)

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