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PCM IV > DSA: Sprains, Strains, & Fractures > Flashcards

DSA: Sprains, Strains, & Fractures Flashcards

1
Q

Distal Femur Fracture

A
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2
Q

Femoral Shaft Fracture

A
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3
Q

Hip Dislocation

A
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4
Q

Hip Fracture

A
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5
Q

Fibula Fracture

A
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6
Q

Ottawa Knee Rules

A
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7
Q

Collateral L Injury of the Knee

A
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8
Q

Cruciate L Injury of the Knee

A
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9
Q

Meniscus Injury

A
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10
Q

Patella Injury

A
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11
Q

Tibial Plateau Fracture

A
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12
Q

Ottawa Ankle Rule

A
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13
Q

Ankle Dislocation

A
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14
Q

Lateral Malleolus Fracture

A
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15
Q

Medial Malleolus Fracture

A
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16
Q

Bimalleolar/Trimalleolar Fractures

A
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17
Q

Maisonneuve Fracture

A
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18
Q

Pilon/Tibial Plafond Fracture

A
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19
Q

Calcaneal Body/Extra-articular Calcaneal Foot Fractures

A
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20
Q

Midfoot Fracture

A
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21
Q

Navicular Fracture

A
22
Q

Cuboid and Cuneiform Fractures

A
23
Q

Lisfranc Injury

A
24
Q

Metatarsal Fracture

A
25
Q

Proximal 5th Metatarsal Fracture

A
26
Q

Toe Fracture

A
27
Q

Toe Dislocation

A
28
Q

Open vs. Closed Fracture

A
  • *Open fracture**: fracture with direct communication to the external environment
  • *Closed fracture**: broken bone with no direct communication to the external environment
29
Q

What are the initial steps in managing a fracture in the ED?

A
30
Q

Define the following fracture types:

complete

tranverse

oblique

spiral

comminuted

incomplete (4 subtypes)

A
31
Q

What is an important rule on clinical imaging of joint injuries?

A

image the joint aboe and below

32
Q

What is the Salter-Harris classification used for?

A

description of physeal fractures in children

33
Q

When splinting an injury, what goes on the inner, middle, and outer layers?

A
34
Q

What complications can be seen with splinting?

A

compartment syndrome

ischemia

neurologic injury

thermal injury

pressure sore

skin breakdown

infection

dermatitis

joint stiffness

35
Q

It is important to document what in regards to physical findings?

A

document findings before and after splinting

36
Q

How much pain meds should be given?

A

no more then 3-7 days worth

(only give enough to get to next appointment)

37
Q

What is the MOA of femoral shaft fractures?

A

most commonly: MVC, penetrating tauma

falls in elderly

non-accidental trauma in kids

38
Q

When should you not use a traction splint in a femoral shaft fracture?

A

concurrent fracture/dislocation of the ispilateral hip, knee of ankle

39
Q

The pain with a fibula fracture is worsened with…

A

foot eversion

40
Q

What do you see on exam with MCL and LCL injuries?

A

MCL - joint laxity without stress test

LCL - joint laxiety with varus stress test

41
Q

When do you need a consult with a patella dislocation?

A

non-lateral dislocations –> often need surgery

42
Q

When is it especially important to get a CT with tibial plateau fractures?

A

unexplained knee effusion

43
Q

What are the indications for surgery with tibial plateau fractures?

A

poly trauma

communited fractures

open fractures

significant soft tissue injury (–> inc risk of compartment syndrome)

44
Q

Who does the Ottwa Ankle rules not apply to?

A

pregnant women

intoxicated pts

head injuries

pts under 6

45
Q

What injuries are included in a Maisonneuve Fracture?

A

proximal fibula fracture

distal tibiofibular syndesmosis injury

deltoid ligament rupture or medial malleolus fracture

46
Q

What injury may show a Mondor sign?

A

calcaneal body/extra articular calcaneal foot fractures

Mondor sign - heel hematoma

47
Q

What is the most common fracture bone of the midfoot?

A

navicular

most common subtype is dorsal avulsion fracture

48
Q

When viewing the cuboid vs. cuneiform, which images are best?

A

cuboid -medial oblique

cuneiform - lateral and lateral oblique

49
Q

What injury usually requires CT to evaluate for occult fractures?

A

lisfranc injury

50
Q

What medications may be given in the ED to prevent future complications of a fracture?

A

tetatnus prophylaxis

IV ABs (first gen cephalosporin, aminoglycoside, piperacillin…)

51
Q

What two Salter-Harris classification that can be easy to mix up?

A

Type I - transverse fracture thu physis

and

Type V - compression fracture thru physis

  • Type V is often dx retrospectively after arrest of growth
  • Suspect Type V if MOI involves significant axial load
52
Q

What is a unique indication for posterior knee splints?

A

pt with legs too large for knee immbolizer

others: patella fracture/dislocation, patella or quads tendon injury, soft tissue injuries of the knee

PCM IV (19 decks)

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