DSA Metronidazole

Question 1

what “class” is metronidazole put in?

Answer 1

5-nitroimidazoles

*not really a class; includes the drug tinidazole

Question 2

What is the MOA of metronidazole?

Answer 2

electron is donated to metronidazole –> highly reactive nitro radical anion is formed

the anion mediates killing of susceptible organisms via radical mediated DNA damage

metronidazole can be recycled if it loses the electron (can go inactive active forms)

Question 3

What happens to the activity of metronidazole with increased O₂?

Answer 3

O2 competes for electrons

decreased active form of metronidazole

Question 4

How can organisms resist metronidazole?

Answer 4

increased intracellular levels of O2

reported in T. vaginalis, G. lamblia, and many anaerobic bacteria infections

Question 5

metronidazole is active against…

Answer 5

anaerobes (less O₂)

T. vaginalis and G. lamblia

E. histolytica

anaerobic cocci and anaerobic gram negative bacilli

Helicobacter and Campylobacter

gram postiive bacilli like Clostridium

Question 6

Pts may report what adverse effects if on metronidazole?

Answer 6

1. metallic taste
2. disulfiram-like effect
   
   1. ​if pt drinks alcohol during or 3 days after therapy has ended, they experience vomiting, flushing, abdominal discomfort or headache
3. dry mouth, nausea, headache