DSA Biomolecules Flashcards
1
Q
Blood Glucose Regulation and Ranges
A
Regulated by insulin and glucagon
- Normal fasting = 70-100 mg/dL
- Normal fed = 140
2
Q
Erythritol
A
4C sugar used as artificial sweetener
3
Q
Xylitol
A
- 5C alcohol used as natural sweetener
- low glycemic index
4
Q
Mannitol
A
- Sugar alcohol used by some plants and microorganisms for energy storage
- used to treat head trauma and kidney failure
- makes BBB permeable to drugs
5
Q
Sorbitol
A
- sugar alcohol used in chewing gum, toothpaste, mouthwash and as a laxative
6
Q
Lactose Intolerance
A
- Body is not able to digest lactose because of a lactase deficiency.
- there is age dependent decrease in the enzyme
- results in gas, belly pain, and bloating within 2 hours of consumption
7
Q
Deoxyaldolase
A
A component of DNA
8
Q
Acetylation amino sugars
A
Components of glycoproteins and glycolipids
- cell signaling, cell adhesion and immuno response
9
Q
Acidic sugars
A
Present in cell membrane and in extracellular matrix
10
Q
Sugar esters
A
Constitute the gangliosides in oligodendrocyte of the nervous system
11
Q
Sugar alcohols
A
Food additives, significance in uncontrolled diabetes
- cataracts and peripheral neuropathy
12
Q
Isoprenoids
A
Synthesized from acetyl CoA via intermediate IPP
Condensation of IPP = steroids, vitamins and CoQ
13
Q
Most important steroid
A
Cholesterol
- component of membranes
- important precursor
- vitamin D
- bile acids
- component of bile
14
Q
Gallstone Correlation Box
A
Gallbladder stores bile
- if too much cholesterol and too little bile salts are consumed, that crystalline gallstones will form in the gallbladder.
- This can lead to malabsorption (steatorrhea) and fat soluble vitamin deficiencies.
- oral chenodeoxycholic acid can help dissolve bile stones.
15
Q
Aliphatic Amino Acids
A
- Alanine
- Glycine
- Isoleucine
- Leucine
- Proline
- Valine
