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Neuro 2 Exam 2 > DSA 21 Disturbances of Sensation > Flashcards

DSA 21 Disturbances of Sensation Flashcards

1
Q

diminished pinprick, touch or vibration

A

hypesthesia

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2
Q

increased or exaggerated painful sensation to a painful stimulus

A

allodynia

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3
Q

affects a SINGLE muscle group

A

mononeuropathy

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4
Q

What disorders are associated with mononeuropathies?

A

Diabetes, thyroid disease, RA, SLE (these are METABOLIC disease)

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5
Q

lateral femoral cutaneous nerve neuropathy

A

Meralgia Paresthetica

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6
Q

sensory disturbance in the distribution of >1 peripheral nerve; may have saturday night palsy and carpal tunnel syndrome

A

mononeuropathy multiplex

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7
Q

sensory disturbance in the distribution of a nerve root or dermatome

A

radiculopathy

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8
Q

What is a common physical finding of a person with radiculopathy?

A

pain at the site of the nerve root

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9
Q

subacute/chronic radiculopathy

A

suggests degenerative or possibly inflammatory spine disease

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10
Q

acute radiculopathy

A

traumatic, infectious, or vascular etiology

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11
Q

weakness in the distribution of a single nerve root

A

myotome; present in radiculopathy

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12
Q

positive straight leg raising

A

radiculopathy

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13
Q

positive spurling sign

A

radiculopathy

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14
Q

What if someone has negative imaging but they have symptoms of radiculopathy?

A

ischemic etiology; nerve root infarction

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15
Q

acute polyneuropathy

A

GBS

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16
Q

What is the onset of most polyneuropathies?

A

gradual or subacute

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17
Q

Why does someone with a polyneuropathy have orthostatic hypotension?

A

polyneuropathy affects all types of peripheral nerves including AUTONOMIC and orthostatic hypotension is an autonomic dysfunction

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18
Q

What are some causes of peripheral polyneuropathy?

A

diabetes, alcoholism, thyroid disease, rheumatologic diseases

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19
Q

What conditions have pain at the level of the lesion?

A

radiculopathy, spinal cord lesion; so dn’t be tricked!

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20
Q

sphincter dysfunction impairing bowel and or bladder dysfunction

A

spinal cord lesion

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21
Q

spinal ataxia

A

inherited spinal cord disease that will be negative on imaging

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22
Q

A patient is diagnosed with B12 deficiency spinal cord lesion. Is imaging a diagnostic factor?

A

will be negative on imaging

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23
Q

what are some inflammatory spinal cord lesions

A

transverse myelitis, combined degeneration of the cord or MS; will either be negative or positive on imaging

24
Q

Brown-sequard syndrome

A

ipsilateral loss of proprioception, contralateral loss of pain and temp, ipsilateral UMN weakness

25
Q

onset of syringomyelia?

A

gradual

26
Q

identify: shawl-like distribution of decreased pain and sensory loss

A

syringomyelia

27
Q

what sensory loss is unaffected in syringomyelia?

A

light touch and proprioception

28
Q

LMN-type hand weakness and atrophy of the hands

A

syringomyelia

29
Q

etiology of syringomyelia

A

enlargement of the central canal of the spial cord

30
Q

subacute combined degeneration of the cord

A

B12 deficiency

31
Q

B12 deficiency symptoms

A

decreased vibration and position sense in the feet, positive Romberg, UMN weakness, gait disturbed

32
Q

What is frequently associated with a B_12 deficiency

A

macrocytic hyperchromic anemia

33
Q

What if there is a low normal of B_12?

A

check methylmalonic acid

34
Q

Crossed signs in which there is sensory loss on one side and cranial nerve findings on the other side

A

brainstem lesion

35
Q

acute brainstem lesion

A

vascular disease

36
Q

gradual brainstem lesion

A

neoplastic

37
Q

acute or subacute brainstem

A

demyelinating like MS

38
Q

Large vs small thalamic lesions

A

large will include corticospinal tract (UMN weakness)

39
Q

small thalamic lesion symptoms

A

contralateral numbness and tingling and contralateral pain

40
Q

diminished sensation on the entire left or right half of the body

A

thalamic lesion

41
Q

thalamic syndrome

A

contralateral numbness and pain

42
Q

What condition doesn’t cause a thalamic lesion?

A

MS

43
Q

dominant hemisphere affected in a parietal lobe lesion

A

language disturbance along with sensory disturbance to any/all modalities

44
Q

asteriognosis

A

lack of the the mental perception of depth or three_dimensionality by the senses, usually in reference to the ability to perceive the form of solid objects by touch.

associated with a parietal lesion

45
Q

Agraphesthesia

A

associated with a parietal lesion

difficulty recognizing a written number or letter traced on the skin after parietal damage

46
Q

extinction with bilateral simultaneous stimulation

A

parietal lesion

47
Q

diminished 2 point discrimination

A

parietal lesion

48
Q

what if a parietal lesion doesn’t involve the dominant hemisphere

A

may be spatial disturbance and DENIAL of illness

49
Q

non_dominant parietal lobe

A

important in visuo_spatial perceptions

50
Q

What condition does not affect the cerebral cortex?

A

MS

51
Q

patient presents with infarct of the nerve root. what do you expect to see on MRI?

A

nothing, MRI is frequently negative for infarct of the nerve root

52
Q

in radiculopathy of thoracic spine, more likely to result from ______ than _________.

A

nerve root infarction, disc herniation

53
Q

what is myelopathy?

A

disorder affecting the spinal cord. sensory/motor deficit will be below the level of the lesion

54
Q

what are complications of B12 deficiency?

A

combined degeneration of the spinal cord, dementia, and polyneuropathy

55
Q

what is the clinical manifestation of Wallenberg’s syndrome (lower medulla)?

A

ipsilateral facial numbness, hoarseness and dysarthria, ipsilateral Horner’s syndrome, ipsilateral arm and leg ataxia, diminished sensation in contralateral arm, leg, and torso

56
Q

what sensory disturbance is seen in thalamic lesions?

A

contralateral loss/decrease of all sensation, contralateral pain

57
Q

what sensory disturbance is seen in parietal lobe lesions?

A

decreased discriminative function on opposite side of the body.
abnormal 2 point discrimination, graphesthesia, stereognosis, bilateral simultaneous stimulation

Neuro 2 Exam 2 (16 decks)

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