DSA 1: Classifying Epithelial Tissue Flashcards
What is the basis for epithelial polarity?
Organelles and proteins are unevenly distributed
Difference in structure and function based on basal domain, apical domain, and lateral surfaces
What type of epithelium would you find in blood vessels (endothelium) and the lining of serous membranes (mesothelium)?
Simple squamous
What type of epithelium would you find in kidney tubules, glands and ducts, terminal bronchioles, and covering the ovaries?
Simple cuboidal
What type of epithelium would you find lining the alveoli of the lungs, loop of Henle in the kidney, and in various ducts?
Simple squamous
What type of epithelium would you find in some glands and ducts, auditory tubes, uterus, oviducts, stomach, intestines, gallbladder, and bile ducts?
Simple columnar
What type of epithelium would you find lining the nasal cavity, pharynx, trachea, and bronchi?
Pseudostratified columnar ciliated
____________ are apical extensions similar to cilia but they lack microtubules
Stereocilia/stereovilli
What type of epithelium is found in urinary bladder, ureters, and urethra?
Urothelium
What type of epithelium is found in the mouth, oropharynx, laryngopharynx, esophagus, anus, vagina, urethra, and cornea?
Nonkeratinized stratified squamous
What differentiates nonkeratinized stratified squamous tissue from keratinized stratified squamous tissue?
Nonkeratinized stratified squamous retain their nuclei and orgnalles in the apical layer while keratinized do not
What type of epithelium would you find in sweat glands and ducts, ovarian follicles, and salivary gland ducts?
Stratified cuboidal
What are the 4 types of apical specializations?
Cilia
Flagella
Microvilli
Stereocilia
Cilia are mobile projections comprised of ______________.
They are extensions of the ___________, and the basal body core anchors extended cilia.
Microtubules
Cytoskeleton
Cilia beat in a wave-like fashion to propel substances across the tissue, like ________, _______, or debris
They are up to 10mm long and up to 300+ may be present.
Mucous; oocytes
Which apical specialization is specialized for absorption and forms the brush border?
Microvilli
___________ are long, non-motile, microvilli
Stereocilia
What provides rigidity to stereocilia?
Actin core
Where would you find stereocilia?
Male reproductive tract
Inner ear
What 2 proteins are associated with tight junctions?
Claudin
Occludin
Tight junctions encircle cells near their most _______ surface. Molecules may pass through cells, but not in between
Apical
What is another name for tight junctions
Zonula occludens
Zonula adherens junctions contain __________ and ________ proteins which bind to ________ filaments
Cadherin; catenin; actin
Zonula adherens junctions encircle the _____ surface of cells and are ______ to the tight junction
Apical
Deep
What is another name for zonula adherens?
Adhering junctions
___________ junctions are fluid-filled channels that connect apposed cells and mediate communication
Gap
What proteins are associated with gap junctions?
Connexin aggregates
___________ are thickened plaques located at sites of mechanical stress and provide strength and rigidity
Desmosomes
What proteins are associated with desmosomes?
Cadherins, which bind to intermediate filaments
What is another name for desmosomes?
Macula adherens
Cadherin:cadherin junctions bind __________
Intercellularly
________ anchor epithelial cells to underlying basal lamina
Hemidesmosomes
What proteins are associated with hemidesmosomes?
Integrins and intermediate filaments
__________ _________ is a specialized sheet of extracellular material that acts as a selective barrier between tissues and permits diffusion of nutrients
Basement membrane
With ________ glands, the gland product is released onto the surface
With ________ glands, the gland product is released into the blood
Exocrine
Endocrine
_________ cells are unicellular glands that synthesize and secrete mucous (mucin). They are scattered throughout epithelia
Goblet
What type of epithelial cell is a goblet cell?
Modified columnar
Which portion of an exocrine gland is the secretory portion?
Acinus
Which portion of an exocrine gland is the conducting portion?
Duct
The duct system of a gland may be simple or _________.
The acinar component may be ________or acinar.
Compound
Tubular
Where would you find mesothelium and what type of epithelium is it?
Peritoneum
Pleura
Pericardium
Simple squamous
Goblet cells are often present among the ________ epithelial cell. They can be distinguished by a dilated, goblet-like apical cytoplasm containing mucous material.
Mucous is released into the lumen and coats epithelial cell surfaces.
The _______ ________ consists of loose CT located beneath the epithelium
Lamina propria
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium consists of what 3 major cell types?
Columnar cells with apical cilia
Basal cells anchored to basal lamina
Goblet cells between basal lamina and lumen
What are the 2 major cell types of the epididymal epithelium?
Columnar cells with stereocilia
Basal cells attached to lamina
What 3 cell types make up the urothelium?
Dome-shaped superficial cells
Pyriform-shaped intermediate
Polyhedral-shaped basal
A characteristic of urothelium is its _________ configuration in response to distention and contraction tensional forces caused by urine.
________ of aggregated proteins (uroplakins) are found in apical PMs of dome-shaped superficial cells
Transitional
Plaques
