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Bitchin drug list > Druuuuugs > Flashcards

Druuuuugs Flashcards

1
Q

What is ethanol

A

Inhibitory peptide- binds to GABA receptors, increasing their effects

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2
Q

Give an example of an NSAID

A

Aspirin, Ibuprofen, Naproxen

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3
Q

Whats the MOA of NSAIDs

A

COX inhibitors

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4
Q

Whats the normal function of COX enzymes

A

Start pathway that produces; prostaglandins, inflammatory mediators, Thromboxane A2 and others

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5
Q

What are 2nd generation COX inhibitors

A

Inhibit only COX-2 e.g. roficoxib (end in ‘coxib’)

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6
Q

Give an example of a cholinesterase inhibtor

A

Pyridostigmine, Edrophonium

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7
Q

How do cholinesterase inhibitors work

A

Compete with Ach to bind to AchE and so prevents the breakdown of Ach, increasing its concentration in the neuromuscular junction

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8
Q

What can cholinesterase inhibitors be used to treat

A

Myasthenia gravis

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9
Q

Name a cardiac glycoside

A

Digoxin

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10
Q

How do cardiac glycosides work

A

Inhibits the Na+/K+ pump so there’s increased intracellular Na+. This inhibits the Na+/Ca++ so that there’s increased intracellular Ca++ causing increased force of contraction

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11
Q

How do ACE (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme) inhibitors work

A

Inhibition of ACE reduces synthesis of angiotensin II (vasoconstrictor) and decreases aldosterone (increases volume of blood)

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12
Q

Name some ACE inhibitors

A

Enalapril, Captopril (end in ‘pril’)

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13
Q

How do angiotensin receptor blockers work

A

Block the receptor angiotensin II binds to. Same effect as ACE inhibitors

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14
Q

Name an angiotensin receptor blocker

A

Lorsartan (end in ‘sartan’)

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15
Q

How do calcium channel blockers work?

A

Prevent calcium entering cells in heart and blood vessels. Stops vasoconstriction so reduces bp

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16
Q

Name some calcium channel blockers

A

Amlodipine, Verapamil

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17
Q

How do beta blockers work

A

Competitive inhibition of beta adrenergic receptors, reducing sympathetic stimulation

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18
Q

Name some beta blockers

A

Atenolol, Misoprolol (end in ‘olol’)

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19
Q

What do beta 1 agonists do

A

Opposite effect of beta blockers eg. isoprenaline

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20
Q

How do Thiazide diuretics work

A

Inhibit the Na+/K+ co-transporter in distal tubules of kidney encouraging water to move from blood vessels to kidney tubule. Increases water secretion and decreases bp

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21
Q

Give an example of a Thiazide diuretic

A

benzoflumethiazide

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22
Q

How do muscarinic receptors antagonists work

A

Binds to M2 receptors in vomiting center of medulla to inhibit; gastric, sweet, salivary and bronchial secretions. Relaxes smooth muscle

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23
Q

Give an example of a muscarinic receptor antagonist

A

Hyoscine

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24
Q

How do serotonin receptor antagonists work

A

Blocks serotonin in chemoreceptor trigger zone of medulla

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25
Q

Give an example of a serotonin receptor antagonist

A

Ondanestron

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26
Q

How do proton pump inhibitors work

A

Irreversibly block the H+/K+ pump of gastric parietal cells and so inhibits H+ secretion into gastric lumen. Heals peptic ulcers and aids heart burn

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27
Q

Name some proton pump inhibtors

A

Omeprazole, Lansoprazole (ends in ‘prazole’)

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28
Q

How do statins work

A

Competitively inhibits HMG-coA reductase which is the rate limiting enzyme in cholesterol synthesis. Reduce LDLs

29
Q

Name some statins

A

Simvastatin, Artovastatin (end in ‘statin’)

30
Q

How do nuclear receptor agonists work

A

Bind to nuclear receptor and change lipid metabolism, increasing HDL but decreasing LDL and VLDL

31
Q

What is Ferrous sulphate and what is used for

A

An essential body mineral that’s used to treat iron deficiency anaemia

32
Q

How does a purine synthesis inhibitor work?

A

Immunosuppressant that inhibits DNA synthesis of purine thus preventing clonal proliferation of B and T cells

33
Q

Give an example of a purine synthesis inhibitor

A

Azathioprine

34
Q

How does Predisone work

A

Binds to receptors, enters cell nucleus, indirectly suppresses IL-2 expression which therefore reduces T-cell activation. Immunosuppressant

35
Q

How do ADP antagonist work

A

Inhibit the binding of ADP to its platelet agonist and thus the subsequent ADP mediated activation of a glycoprotein complex, inhibiting platelet aggregation

36
Q

Name an ADP antagonist

A

Clopidogrel

37
Q

How do vitamin K antagonists work

A

Competitive inhibitor of vitamin K, preventing its activation and so inhibiting coagulation factors II, VII, IX, X

38
Q

What is Warfarin

A

A vitamin K antagonist

39
Q

How do antifibrinolytics work

A

Reversibly binds to receptor sites on plasminogen, preventing its conversion to plasmin, reducing fibrin degradation. Prevents heavy bleeding

40
Q

Name an antifbrinolytic

A

Tranexamic acid

41
Q

How do opioid analgesic work

A

Method largely unknown. Bind to GABA neurons that inhibit pain inhibition pathway

42
Q

Give examples of opioid analgesics

A

Diamorphine, morphine

43
Q

How do sodium channel blockers work

A

Block sodium channels so action potentials can’t fire. Gives a local anaesthetic effect

44
Q

Give an example of a sodium channel blocker

A

Lidocaine

45
Q

How do SSRIs work

A

Prevent reuptake of serotonin into neurons so it can remain in synaptic cleft

46
Q

Name an SSRI

A

Fluoxetine

47
Q

Name a tricyclic antidepressant

A

Amitryptiline

48
Q

How do tricyclic antidepressants work

A

Prevent reuptake of noradrenaline and serotonin into neurons, increasing their concentration in synaptic cleft

49
Q

What is Levodopa and how does it work

A

Dopamine precursor. Increases dopamine levels in the substantia nigra

50
Q

What is Diazepam and how does it work

A

GABA receptor agonist. Binds to GABA receptor and causes opening of cl- channels resulting in hyperpolarisation and inhibition of action potentials

51
Q

How does a muscarinic receptor agonist work

A

Acts on Ach receptors to increase parasympathetic activity e.g. rest & digest, smooth muscle contraction, reduced HR

52
Q

Whats Salbutamol

A

B2 adrenergic agonist that allows bronchodilation

53
Q

How does the antidiabetic drug Acarbose work

A

Inhibits pancreatic amylase and glucosidase hence reducing glucose uptake

54
Q

How does the sulfonylurea Glipizide work

A

Bind to receptors, closing K+ channels and causing depolarisation. Ca++ channels open which causes vesicles to travel to cell membrane and release insulin by exocytosis

55
Q

What’s metformin

A

Biguanide

56
Q

How does metformin work

A

Activates AMP activated protein kinase which reduce gluconeogenesis, intestinal glucose uptake but increase peripheral glucose uptake

57
Q

How do thiazolidinediones work

A

Agonist of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor- gamma (PPAR). Increases transcription of genes coding for proteins important in insulin action

58
Q

Name a thiazolidinediones

A

Roziglitazone

59
Q

What’s sildenafil

A

Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitor

60
Q

How do PDE5 inhibitors work

A

Inhibition of PDE5 means less cyclic GMP is broken down and so can build up and continue causing vasodilation, helping maintain erection

61
Q

Name some progesterone only contraceptives

A

Desogestrel, levonorgestrel (end in ‘gestrel’)

62
Q

How do progesterone only contraceptives work

A

Progesterone causes inhibition of hypothalamus and anterior pituitary therefore less LH and prevents ovulation

63
Q

How does the combined pill work

A

Inhibits hypothalamus but mainly anterior pituitary so there’s less release of FSH and LH . Secondary effects which alter cervical endometrium

64
Q

How do bisphosphates work

A

Inhibit bone resorption by osteoclasts

65
Q

Name a bisphosphate

A

Alendronate (end in ‘ate’)

66
Q

How do local anaesthetics work

A

Block voltage gated Na+ channels, decreasing rate of depolarisation

67
Q

What are the two types of local anaesthetics and name some

A

Amides- lidocaine, bupivacaine (2 i’s in name)

Esters- locaine, procaine (1 i in name)

68
Q

How do antipsychotics work

A

Antagonise D2 receptors in mesocortical and mesolimbic pathways

69
Q

Name some antipsychotics

A

Risperidone (1st gen), Haloperidol (2nd gen)

Bitchin drug list (1 decks)

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