Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Drugs Y1 > Drugs Year 1 Med > Flashcards

Drugs Year 1 Med Flashcards

1
Q

Paracetamol (Acetaminophen)

A

Antipyretic / Analgesic
Inhibits COX1/COX2 to stop prostaglandin release

Can cause fats heart rate and low blood pressure
Overdose - thrombocytopenia, renal tubular necrosis, hypoglycemic coma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Ibuprofen

A

NSAID - minor aches and pains, reduce fever
Blocks COX1/2 stop prostaglandin releases

Overdose - dizziness, abdominal pain, ringing in ears, nausea, bloating, gas
rare cases - apnea, metabolic acidosis hyperkalemia and renal failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Codeine

A

opiod central analgesic, sedative, hypnotic
targets mu opiod receptor when converted into morphine in the body

risks - confusion, shallow breathing, nausea vomiting, lack of appetite, respiratory depression
can cause uncontrolled epilepsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Chlorpheniramine

A

allergic reactions, hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma
H1 Antagonist - inhibit histamine release

can cause sedation, blurred vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cimetidine (Gaviscon)

A

inhibits gastric acid secretion, as well as pepsin and gastrins output - antacid = used for peptic ulcer, heartburn, GERD
competitively H2 antagonist

overdose - nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, difficulty breathing, tachycardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic acid)

A

anti-inflammatory and antipyretic, inhibits platelet aggregation used to prevent stroke, MI, unstable angina, TIA
irreversible, nonselective COX inhibitor, reduces synthesis of thromboxane A2

don’t use 1st and 2nd trimester pregnancy
used in children older than 16
can cause bronchospasm, tinnitus, GI irritation, ulceration and haemorrhage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Unfractionated/LMW Heparin

A

anticoagulant - binds reversibly to antithrombin iii and stimulates it to inactivate factor iia and xa
uses - prevent post op DVT, pulmonary embolism, unstable angina, patients with atrial fibrillation

can induce thrombocytopenia, long term use associated with osteoporosis, internal/external bleeding

LMW - less specific for thrombin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Warfarin

A

anticoagulant - vitamin K antagonist (inhibits vit K epoxide reductase, blocks clotting factors ii, vii, ix, x
used in pul embolism, atrial fib, cardiac valve replacement, reduce MI, stroke, TIA risk

can cause major bleeding in GIT, epistaxis (nose bleeds) and ecchymoses (bruising)
if overdoes give vit k or prothrombin
can cause foetal warfarin syndrome - 2nd 3rd Trimester = microcephaly, seizures etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Factor VIII

A

antihaemophillic - helps for platelet plug

used to control patients with haemophilia A or aqruied factor VIII deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Abciximab

A

inhibits platelet aggregation

binds to glycoprotein IIb/IIIa on platelets (prevents binding of adhesive molecules such as VWF/fibrinogen)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Clopidogrel

A

platelet aggregation inhibitor, reduce risk of (ST elevated) MI, stroke and ACS (acute coronary syndrome)
irreversible bind to P2Y receptors on platelets (stops binding of ADP)

can cause haemorrhage, hepatic/renal impairment
overdose needs blood transfusion as binds for 11 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Streptokinase

A

thrombolytic agent - eliminate blood clot or arterial blockages
binds to plasminogen which converts it to plasmin - degrades fibrin/fibrinogen clots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Sildenafil

A

vasodilator, prevents breakdown of cGMP (inhibits PDE5)

treat ED, pul hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Captopril

A

competitive ACE inhibitor - stops conversion of AT1 - AT2
used in the treatment of hypertension

overdose can leads to hypotension, emesis and angioedema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Selegiline (Emsam)

A

irreversible type B monoamine oxidase inhibitor

used to treat ADHD, major depression disorder, parkinson’s disease at low doses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Phenelzine (Nardil)

A

Monoamine oxidase inhibitor - blocks breakdown of serotonin, epin, dopa, norepin.
used to treat major depression, anxiety disorder, panic disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Isocarboxazid (Marplan)

A

irreversible Monoamine oxidase inhibitor - blocks breakdown of serotonin, epin, dopa, norepin.
used to treat major depression, atypical disorder, panic, phobias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Duloxetine

A

serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor
used in many things such as neuropathic pain, anxiety, depression, osteoarthritis and stress

overdose seizure, tachycardia, emesis, coma, syncope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Venlafaxine

A

serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor
used in many things such as neuropathic pain, anxiety, depression, vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause, OCD

overdose seizure, tachycardia, emesis, coma, syncope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Kinase inhibitor (-nib eg getfitinib/sorafenib)

A

used to treat cancers
inhibits cell proliferation

can cause diarrhoea and skin rash

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Neostigmine

A

reversible cholinesterase inhibitor (not cross BB) - ie more Aches = more muscle contraction
used to treat myasthenia gravis and reverse effects of muscle relaxants

overdose - cholinergic crisis, weak respiration muscle = death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Edrophonium

A

short acting cholinesterase inhibitor (longer presence of ACh) used in cardiac arrhythmia and myasthenia gravis
also used as antidote to curare poisoning

can cause sweating, bradycardia, nausea, increased saliva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Apixibam

A

factor Xa inhibitor - prevent formation of thrombus

reduce risk of stroke and systemic embolism with A fib , reduce risk of DVT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Primaquine

A

used to treat malarias and other plasmodium diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Amiodarone

A 
class 3 antiarrythmic drug such as for V fib and V tachy
blocks K currents increasing repolarisation time in the heart - increase AP time

overdose can cause arrhythmia, AV block and liver toxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Asparaginase

A

anti tumour, depletes asparaginase (needed for DNA) = apoptosis of cells
used in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Sotalol

A 
class 3 antiarrythmic - used in ventricular arrhythmias and A fib/flutter 
inhibits k channels and B1 adrenoreceptors = slow repolarisation time

overdose - bradycardia, bronchospasm, hypoglycaemia, hypotension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Ateplase (Tissue Plasminogen Activator - TPA)

A

used for MI, Acute ischaemic stroke and lysis of pulmonary embolism
activates plasmin which degrades fibrin exerting thrombolytic action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Diltiazem

A

antihypertensive, vasodilator and calcium channel blocker (effects cardiac and vascular muscle)
used in short term management of A fib and lowers blood pressure - anginal pain

overdose can lead to bradycardia, hypotension, lethargy, heart failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Dabigatran

A

reversibly binds to thrombin - anticoagulant
used to prevent blood clots and reduce risk of stroke and A fib, pul embolism

can cause bleeding and gastritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Verapamil

A

calcium channel blocker (L type)
used for hypertension, arrythmias, and angina mainly (similar to diltiazem)

overdoes = hypotension, bradycardia, arrhythmia, non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Salbutamol

A

short acting selective B2 agonist used in treatment of asthma and COPD (bronchodilator - relax bronchiole smooth muscle)

overdose = angina, dizziness, fatigue, hypokalaemia, tachycardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Propafenone

A

antiarrythmia - mainly ventricular
reduces upstroke velocity of phase 0 ie Na influx also prolongs refractory period

overdose - convulsions, hypotension, lethargy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Propranolol

A

Mainly used to treat hypertension - helps with angina, CHD, A fib, migraine and MI
non-selective B adrenergic antagonist

overdose - hypotension, bronchospasm in asthma patients, bradycardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Flecanide

A

Class 1 anti-arrythmic - prevent supraventricular arrhythmias and ventricular arrhythmias and A fib
blocks sodium influx and prolongs refractory period

overdose / toxicity seen by ECG abnormalities, hypotension, bradycardia, death risk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Atenolol

A

B1 selective antagonist
used in management of hypertension, angina with coronary atherosclerosis, MI risk

can cause bronchoconstriction which is at risk for asthma patients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Nitroglycerin

A

vasodilator used to treat chest pain (angina) and hypertension, treat acute HF
metabolised to produce NO = cGMP = dilation

overdoes = syncope, seizures, palpitations, dysponea, fever

38
Q

Tubocurarine

A

diagnosis agent for myasthenia gravis - neuromuscular blocker (muscle relaxant - nicotinic antagonist)

39
Q

Tiotropium

A

long acting bronchodilator - antagonist of M3 receptors in the lungs - relaxation
used to prevent exarcebations in COPD patients and asthma in kids older than 6

overdoes - severe constipation, tremor and abdominal pain

40
Q

Succinylcholine

A

used in surgical situations such as intubation - muscle relaxant, rapid onset and brief duration
mimics ACh without degradation

41
Q

Omalizumab

A

anti IgE used to treat moderate to severe persistent asthma

also treats chronic idiopathic urticaria (Hives - allergic rash)

42
Q

Beclomethasone

A

used to treat asthma as prophylactic therapy in patients older than 5 (not for relief of bronchospasm)
also used to prevent corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses (stop inflammatory responses)

long term use can lead to adrenal suppression

43
Q

Sarin

A

organophosphate - inhibit AChE - can’t breath or move - asphyxiation

44
Q

Fluticasone

A

asthma, inflammatory and pruritic dermatoses, perennial allergic rhinitis (constant runny nose)

45
Q

Tetrodotoxin

A

chronic pain in advanced cancer patients and treatment of opiod dependance
causes paralysis as blocks fast opening sodium channels

46
Q

Quinidine

A

treatment of ventricular pre-excitation and cardiac dysrhythmias
blocks sodium channels mainly in purkinje fibres

47
Q

Ipratropium

A

antagonist of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor - bronchodilation
used for severe exacerbations of asthma, COPD, emphysema

48
Q

Montelukast

A

treatment of chronic asthma, exercise induced bronchospasm, seasonal rhinitis

overdose - abdominal pain, thirst, headache, vomiting

49
Q

Prednisone

A

anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive

50
Q

Nedocromil

A

Treat mild to moderate asthma - inhibits inflammatory cell types (mast cells, eosinophils etc)
no bronchodilator activity

side affects - headache, shortness of breath, blurred vision, nasal congestion

51
Q

Theophylline

A

treats bronchoconstriction - smooth muscle relaxant

ovedose - seizures, GI irritation, arrythmias

52
Q

Ketotifen

A

non-competitive H1 receptor antagonist and blocks inflammatory mediators (mast cells)
used for asthma, rhinitis, skin allergies

often comes with headaches

53
Q

Phenytoin

A

anticonvulsant for seizures - sodium channel blocker

54
Q

Lisinopril

A

ACEi - stops AG1 to AG2
used for MI, hypertension, migraine

excessive use can cause hypotension

55
Q

Furosemide

A

loop diuretic block reabsorption of Na and Cl at PCT and DCT = less water reabsorption
used to treat hypertension, Congestive HF, IV for pulmonary oedema

can cause low electrolytes, arrhythmias, hypotension, confusion and hepatic coma

56
Q

Simvastatin

A

inhibits HMG CoA reductase

used fro hyperlipiaemia - reduce cholesterol and increase amount of HDL

57
Q

Ramipril

A

ACEi - severe hypertension, MI, stroke risk
stops AG1 - AG2

can cause dry cough, peripheral vasodilation

58
Q

Candestartan

A

ARB - hypertension

59
Q

Bendroflumethiazide

A

stops chloride/Na reabsorption ie more water loss - diuretic
hypertension, HF

60
Q

Celecoxib

A

COX2 inhibitor - reduce pain and inflammation
NSAID - benefit of having reduced risk of GIT bleeding
treat osteoarthritis and RA

may cause increased risk of thrombosis
overdose - GIT bleeding, hypertension, nausea, stomach pain, difficulty breathing

61
Q

Ranitidine

A

reversible H2 receptor antagonist (stops release from parietal cells)
treat duodenal ulcer and other gastric acid secreting conditions heart burn, peptic ulcer, zollinger ellison

62
Q

Famotidine

A

potent competitive H2 antagonist
treat gastric ulcers and GERD and other acid secreting conditions
stops histamine activating parietal cells

63
Q

Lansoprazole

A

PPI - stops HKATPase pumps - reduces gastric acid secretion
treat ulcers and GERD
helicobactor pylori - covalently bind

can cause constipation, abdominal pain and nausea

faster effect than omeprazole

64
Q

Omeprazole

A

PPI - stops HKATPase pumps - reduces gastric acid secretion
treat ulcers and GERD
helicobactor pylori - covalently bind

can cause constipation, abdominal pain and nausea

65
Q

Diazepam

A

anticonvulsant, sedative, muse relaxant, anxiolytic
used for - anxiety, alcohol withdrawal, epilepsy/seizure, skeletal muscle spasm
increases effect of gaba

can cause - ataxia, drowsiness, dysarthria, sedation, muscle weakness, profound sleep, hypotension, bradycardia, nystagmus

66
Q

Disulfiram

A

treatment of chronic alcoholism
blocks oxidation of alcohol - makes you feel unwell

can cause GI disturbances, drowsiness and irritation

67
Q

Naltrexone

A

used to treat opioid addiction and alcohol dependance (also in severe pain)
opiate antagonist

overdose - salivation, depression, tremors, convulsions

68
Q

Acamprosate

A

alcohol dependance

can cause diarrhoea

69
Q

Cyclosporin

A

calcineurin inhibitor - used to treat autoimmune conditions and prevent organ transplant rejection
severe RA

overdose leads to hepatotoxicity

70
Q

Sulfasalazine

A

used to treat IDB’s - crohns and RA, mild UC

its metabolites 5ASA and SP cause effect

71
Q

Azathioprine

A

treats CD, RA, stops kidney transplant rejection
inhibits B and T cells

overdose - bone marrow hypoplasia, bleeding and infection

72
Q

Natalizumab

A

used to treat MS

inhibits adhesion of leukocytes - stops them crossing the BBB

73
Q

Vedolizumab

A

moderate/ Severe UC/Crohns
inhibits GIT inflammation
inhibits a4b7 intergrin - stops adhesion of lymphocytes

74
Q

Vercirnon

A

IBD - UC and CD - stops migrations of WBC

75
Q

Rifampicin

A

antibiotic = broad spectrum (mycobacterium) - stops RNA synthesis = cell death
used in TB or TB infections

chronic exposure may cause nausea and vomiting

76
Q

Chloramphenicol

A

Antibiotic - first discovered broad spectrum
used in the treatment of cholera - inhibits protein synthesis in bacteria via ribosomes

can cause gray syndrome in newborns

77
Q

Atropine

A

reverses cholinesterase inhibitors
used in many things - peptic ulcer, AV heart block, bronchospasm, bradycardia
inhibits ACh receptors

overdose can lead to wide spread paralysis

78
Q

Methotrexate

A

used to treat acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and juvenile idiopathic arthritis, RA and other forms of cancer
inhibits nucleotide synthesis and apoptosis

overdose - GIT bleeding, ulceration, nausea, anaemia

79
Q

Metformin

A

aids in glycemic control with DM type 2

risk of lactic acidosis

80
Q

Misoprostol

A

Used for those with high risk NSAID ulceration but not duodenal ulcers
treats RA and osteoarthritis and management of miscarriages
stops secretion of gastric acid from parietal cells while stimulating bicarbonate and mucus secretion

81
Q

Adrenaline

A

used in emergency allergic reactions (asthma insects etc), restore cardiac rhythm in cardiac arrest
acts on a and b adrenergic receptors

can cause anxiety, headache, tremor, haemorrhage, nausea

82
Q

Mesalazine

A

anti-inflammatory, used in UC and CD its a 5ASA

can nausea, tinnitus, headache, sweatiness, hyperventilation

83
Q

Infliximab

A

monoclonal antibody disrupts pro-inflammatory cascade used in CD, UC, RA - stops TNF-a binding with its target

84
Q

Disulphiram

A

treatment of chronic alcoholism - blocks oxidation of alcohol
makes you feel unwell when you drink

overdose - mild GI disturbances, slight drowsiness

85
Q

Orlistat

A

for obesity management - reversible inhibitor of lipase - can’t turn dietary fat into absorbable fatty acids

86
Q

Hydrocortisone

A

targets glucocorticoid receptor - inhibits phospholipase a2, NFkB and other inflammatory factors
low dose = anti-inflammatory high dose = immunosuppressive

chronic use can lead to water retention, hyper tension, acne, allergy, metabolic acidosis

87
Q

Carbimazole

A

antithyroid agent - treatment of hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis
inhibits thyroid peroxidase - stops production of T3 and T4

88
Q

Noradrenaline

A

a1 and a2 adrenergic receptors to cause vasoconstriction

treat hypotension, neurogenic shock,

89
Q

Serotonin

A

temporary relief from nervousness, anxiety, join pain, drowziness

90
Q

Benzodiazepine

A

investigated in treatment of obesity, sleep apnea, disorders of pancreas and gall bladder etc

Drugs Y1 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions