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Drugs Y1 > Drugs Year 1 Med > Flashcards

Drugs Year 1 Med Flashcards

(90 cards)

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1
Q

Paracetamol (Acetaminophen)

A

Antipyretic / Analgesic
Inhibits COX1/COX2 to stop prostaglandin release

Can cause fats heart rate and low blood pressure
Overdose - thrombocytopenia, renal tubular necrosis, hypoglycemic coma

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2
Q

Ibuprofen

A

NSAID - minor aches and pains, reduce fever
Blocks COX1/2 stop prostaglandin releases

Overdose - dizziness, abdominal pain, ringing in ears, nausea, bloating, gas
rare cases - apnea, metabolic acidosis hyperkalemia and renal failure

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3
Q

Codeine

A

opiod central analgesic, sedative, hypnotic
targets mu opiod receptor when converted into morphine in the body

risks - confusion, shallow breathing, nausea vomiting, lack of appetite, respiratory depression
can cause uncontrolled epilepsy

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4
Q

Chlorpheniramine

A

allergic reactions, hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma
H1 Antagonist - inhibit histamine release

can cause sedation, blurred vision

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5
Q

Cimetidine (Gaviscon)

A

inhibits gastric acid secretion, as well as pepsin and gastrins output - antacid = used for peptic ulcer, heartburn, GERD
competitively H2 antagonist

overdose - nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, difficulty breathing, tachycardia

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6
Q

Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic acid)

A

anti-inflammatory and antipyretic, inhibits platelet aggregation used to prevent stroke, MI, unstable angina, TIA
irreversible, nonselective COX inhibitor, reduces synthesis of thromboxane A2

don’t use 1st and 2nd trimester pregnancy
used in children older than 16
can cause bronchospasm, tinnitus, GI irritation, ulceration and haemorrhage

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7
Q

Unfractionated/LMW Heparin

A

anticoagulant - binds reversibly to antithrombin iii and stimulates it to inactivate factor iia and xa
uses - prevent post op DVT, pulmonary embolism, unstable angina, patients with atrial fibrillation

can induce thrombocytopenia, long term use associated with osteoporosis, internal/external bleeding

LMW - less specific for thrombin

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8
Q

Warfarin

A

anticoagulant - vitamin K antagonist (inhibits vit K epoxide reductase, blocks clotting factors ii, vii, ix, x
used in pul embolism, atrial fib, cardiac valve replacement, reduce MI, stroke, TIA risk

can cause major bleeding in GIT, epistaxis (nose bleeds) and ecchymoses (bruising)
if overdoes give vit k or prothrombin
can cause foetal warfarin syndrome - 2nd 3rd Trimester = microcephaly, seizures etc

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9
Q

Factor VIII

A

antihaemophillic - helps for platelet plug

used to control patients with haemophilia A or aqruied factor VIII deficiency

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10
Q

Abciximab

A

inhibits platelet aggregation

binds to glycoprotein IIb/IIIa on platelets (prevents binding of adhesive molecules such as VWF/fibrinogen)

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11
Q

Clopidogrel

A

platelet aggregation inhibitor, reduce risk of (ST elevated) MI, stroke and ACS (acute coronary syndrome)
irreversible bind to P2Y receptors on platelets (stops binding of ADP)

can cause haemorrhage, hepatic/renal impairment
overdose needs blood transfusion as binds for 11 days

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12
Q

Streptokinase

A

thrombolytic agent - eliminate blood clot or arterial blockages
binds to plasminogen which converts it to plasmin - degrades fibrin/fibrinogen clots

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13
Q

Sildenafil

A

vasodilator, prevents breakdown of cGMP (inhibits PDE5)

treat ED, pul hypertension

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14
Q

Captopril

A

competitive ACE inhibitor - stops conversion of AT1 - AT2
used in the treatment of hypertension

overdose can leads to hypotension, emesis and angioedema

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15
Q

Selegiline (Emsam)

A

irreversible type B monoamine oxidase inhibitor

used to treat ADHD, major depression disorder, parkinson’s disease at low doses

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16
Q

Phenelzine (Nardil)

A

Monoamine oxidase inhibitor - blocks breakdown of serotonin, epin, dopa, norepin.
used to treat major depression, anxiety disorder, panic disorder

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17
Q

Isocarboxazid (Marplan)

A

irreversible Monoamine oxidase inhibitor - blocks breakdown of serotonin, epin, dopa, norepin.
used to treat major depression, atypical disorder, panic, phobias

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18
Q

Duloxetine

A

serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor
used in many things such as neuropathic pain, anxiety, depression, osteoarthritis and stress

overdose seizure, tachycardia, emesis, coma, syncope

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19
Q

Venlafaxine

A

serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor
used in many things such as neuropathic pain, anxiety, depression, vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause, OCD

overdose seizure, tachycardia, emesis, coma, syncope

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20
Q

Kinase inhibitor (-nib eg getfitinib/sorafenib)

A

used to treat cancers
inhibits cell proliferation

can cause diarrhoea and skin rash

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21
Q

Neostigmine

A

reversible cholinesterase inhibitor (not cross BB) - ie more Aches = more muscle contraction
used to treat myasthenia gravis and reverse effects of muscle relaxants

overdose - cholinergic crisis, weak respiration muscle = death

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22
Q

Edrophonium

A

short acting cholinesterase inhibitor (longer presence of ACh) used in cardiac arrhythmia and myasthenia gravis
also used as antidote to curare poisoning

can cause sweating, bradycardia, nausea, increased saliva

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23
Q

Apixibam

A

factor Xa inhibitor - prevent formation of thrombus

reduce risk of stroke and systemic embolism with A fib , reduce risk of DVT

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24
Q

Primaquine

A

used to treat malarias and other plasmodium diseases

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25
Amiodarone
``` class 3 antiarrythmic drug such as for V fib and V tachy blocks K currents increasing repolarisation time in the heart - increase AP time ``` overdose can cause arrhythmia, AV block and liver toxicity
26
Asparaginase
anti tumour, depletes asparaginase (needed for DNA) = apoptosis of cells used in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
27
Sotalol
``` class 3 antiarrythmic - used in ventricular arrhythmias and A fib/flutter inhibits k channels and B1 adrenoreceptors = slow repolarisation time ``` overdose - bradycardia, bronchospasm, hypoglycaemia, hypotension
28
Ateplase (Tissue Plasminogen Activator - TPA)
used for MI, Acute ischaemic stroke and lysis of pulmonary embolism activates plasmin which degrades fibrin exerting thrombolytic action
29
Diltiazem
antihypertensive, vasodilator and calcium channel blocker (effects cardiac and vascular muscle) used in short term management of A fib and lowers blood pressure - anginal pain overdose can lead to bradycardia, hypotension, lethargy, heart failure
30
Dabigatran
reversibly binds to thrombin - anticoagulant used to prevent blood clots and reduce risk of stroke and A fib, pul embolism can cause bleeding and gastritis
31
Verapamil
calcium channel blocker (L type) used for hypertension, arrythmias, and angina mainly (similar to diltiazem) overdoes = hypotension, bradycardia, arrhythmia, non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema
32
Salbutamol
short acting selective B2 agonist used in treatment of asthma and COPD (bronchodilator - relax bronchiole smooth muscle) overdose = angina, dizziness, fatigue, hypokalaemia, tachycardia
33
Propafenone
antiarrythmia - mainly ventricular reduces upstroke velocity of phase 0 ie Na influx also prolongs refractory period overdose - convulsions, hypotension, lethargy
34
Propranolol
Mainly used to treat hypertension - helps with angina, CHD, A fib, migraine and MI non-selective B adrenergic antagonist overdose - hypotension, bronchospasm in asthma patients, bradycardia
35
Flecanide
Class 1 anti-arrythmic - prevent supraventricular arrhythmias and ventricular arrhythmias and A fib blocks sodium influx and prolongs refractory period overdose / toxicity seen by ECG abnormalities, hypotension, bradycardia, death risk
36
Atenolol
B1 selective antagonist used in management of hypertension, angina with coronary atherosclerosis, MI risk can cause bronchoconstriction which is at risk for asthma patients
37
Nitroglycerin
vasodilator used to treat chest pain (angina) and hypertension, treat acute HF metabolised to produce NO = cGMP = dilation overdoes = syncope, seizures, palpitations, dysponea, fever
38
Tubocurarine
diagnosis agent for myasthenia gravis - neuromuscular blocker (muscle relaxant - nicotinic antagonist)
39
Tiotropium
long acting bronchodilator - antagonist of M3 receptors in the lungs - relaxation used to prevent exarcebations in COPD patients and asthma in kids older than 6 overdoes - severe constipation, tremor and abdominal pain
40
Succinylcholine
used in surgical situations such as intubation - muscle relaxant, rapid onset and brief duration mimics ACh without degradation
41
Omalizumab
anti IgE used to treat moderate to severe persistent asthma | also treats chronic idiopathic urticaria (Hives - allergic rash)
42
Beclomethasone
used to treat asthma as prophylactic therapy in patients older than 5 (not for relief of bronchospasm) also used to prevent corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses (stop inflammatory responses) long term use can lead to adrenal suppression
43
Sarin
organophosphate - inhibit AChE - can't breath or move - asphyxiation
44
Fluticasone
asthma, inflammatory and pruritic dermatoses, perennial allergic rhinitis (constant runny nose)
45
Tetrodotoxin
chronic pain in advanced cancer patients and treatment of opiod dependance causes paralysis as blocks fast opening sodium channels
46
Quinidine
treatment of ventricular pre-excitation and cardiac dysrhythmias blocks sodium channels mainly in purkinje fibres
47
Ipratropium
antagonist of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor - bronchodilation used for severe exacerbations of asthma, COPD, emphysema
48
Montelukast
treatment of chronic asthma, exercise induced bronchospasm, seasonal rhinitis overdose - abdominal pain, thirst, headache, vomiting
49
Prednisone
anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive
50
Nedocromil
Treat mild to moderate asthma - inhibits inflammatory cell types (mast cells, eosinophils etc) no bronchodilator activity side affects - headache, shortness of breath, blurred vision, nasal congestion
51
Theophylline
treats bronchoconstriction - smooth muscle relaxant ovedose - seizures, GI irritation, arrythmias
52
Ketotifen
non-competitive H1 receptor antagonist and blocks inflammatory mediators (mast cells) used for asthma, rhinitis, skin allergies often comes with headaches
53
Phenytoin
anticonvulsant for seizures - sodium channel blocker
54
Lisinopril
ACEi - stops AG1 to AG2 used for MI, hypertension, migraine excessive use can cause hypotension
55
Furosemide
loop diuretic block reabsorption of Na and Cl at PCT and DCT = less water reabsorption used to treat hypertension, Congestive HF, IV for pulmonary oedema can cause low electrolytes, arrhythmias, hypotension, confusion and hepatic coma
56
Simvastatin
inhibits HMG CoA reductase | used fro hyperlipiaemia - reduce cholesterol and increase amount of HDL
57
Ramipril
ACEi - severe hypertension, MI, stroke risk stops AG1 - AG2 can cause dry cough, peripheral vasodilation
58
Candestartan
ARB - hypertension
59
Bendroflumethiazide
stops chloride/Na reabsorption ie more water loss - diuretic hypertension, HF
60
Celecoxib
COX2 inhibitor - reduce pain and inflammation NSAID - benefit of having reduced risk of GIT bleeding treat osteoarthritis and RA may cause increased risk of thrombosis overdose - GIT bleeding, hypertension, nausea, stomach pain, difficulty breathing
61
Ranitidine
reversible H2 receptor antagonist (stops release from parietal cells) treat duodenal ulcer and other gastric acid secreting conditions heart burn, peptic ulcer, zollinger ellison
62
Famotidine
potent competitive H2 antagonist treat gastric ulcers and GERD and other acid secreting conditions stops histamine activating parietal cells
63
Lansoprazole
PPI - stops HKATPase pumps - reduces gastric acid secretion treat ulcers and GERD helicobactor pylori - covalently bind can cause constipation, abdominal pain and nausea faster effect than omeprazole
64
Omeprazole
PPI - stops HKATPase pumps - reduces gastric acid secretion treat ulcers and GERD helicobactor pylori - covalently bind can cause constipation, abdominal pain and nausea
65
Diazepam
anticonvulsant, sedative, muse relaxant, anxiolytic used for - anxiety, alcohol withdrawal, epilepsy/seizure, skeletal muscle spasm increases effect of gaba can cause - ataxia, drowsiness, dysarthria, sedation, muscle weakness, profound sleep, hypotension, bradycardia, nystagmus
66
Disulfiram
treatment of chronic alcoholism blocks oxidation of alcohol - makes you feel unwell can cause GI disturbances, drowsiness and irritation
67
Naltrexone
used to treat opioid addiction and alcohol dependance (also in severe pain) opiate antagonist overdose - salivation, depression, tremors, convulsions
68
Acamprosate
alcohol dependance can cause diarrhoea
69
Cyclosporin
calcineurin inhibitor - used to treat autoimmune conditions and prevent organ transplant rejection severe RA overdose leads to hepatotoxicity
70
Sulfasalazine
used to treat IDB's - crohns and RA, mild UC | its metabolites 5ASA and SP cause effect
71
Azathioprine
treats CD, RA, stops kidney transplant rejection inhibits B and T cells overdose - bone marrow hypoplasia, bleeding and infection
72
Natalizumab
used to treat MS | inhibits adhesion of leukocytes - stops them crossing the BBB
73
Vedolizumab
moderate/ Severe UC/Crohns inhibits GIT inflammation inhibits a4b7 intergrin - stops adhesion of lymphocytes
74
Vercirnon
IBD - UC and CD - stops migrations of WBC
75
Rifampicin
antibiotic = broad spectrum (mycobacterium) - stops RNA synthesis = cell death used in TB or TB infections chronic exposure may cause nausea and vomiting
76
Chloramphenicol
Antibiotic - first discovered broad spectrum used in the treatment of cholera - inhibits protein synthesis in bacteria via ribosomes can cause gray syndrome in newborns
77
Atropine
reverses cholinesterase inhibitors used in many things - peptic ulcer, AV heart block, bronchospasm, bradycardia inhibits ACh receptors overdose can lead to wide spread paralysis
78
Methotrexate
used to treat acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and juvenile idiopathic arthritis, RA and other forms of cancer inhibits nucleotide synthesis and apoptosis overdose - GIT bleeding, ulceration, nausea, anaemia
79
Metformin
aids in glycemic control with DM type 2 risk of lactic acidosis
80
Misoprostol
Used for those with high risk NSAID ulceration but not duodenal ulcers treats RA and osteoarthritis and management of miscarriages stops secretion of gastric acid from parietal cells while stimulating bicarbonate and mucus secretion
81
Adrenaline
used in emergency allergic reactions (asthma insects etc), restore cardiac rhythm in cardiac arrest acts on a and b adrenergic receptors can cause anxiety, headache, tremor, haemorrhage, nausea
82
Mesalazine
anti-inflammatory, used in UC and CD its a 5ASA can nausea, tinnitus, headache, sweatiness, hyperventilation
83
Infliximab
monoclonal antibody disrupts pro-inflammatory cascade used in CD, UC, RA - stops TNF-a binding with its target
84
Disulphiram
treatment of chronic alcoholism - blocks oxidation of alcohol makes you feel unwell when you drink overdose - mild GI disturbances, slight drowsiness
85
Orlistat
for obesity management - reversible inhibitor of lipase - can't turn dietary fat into absorbable fatty acids
86
Hydrocortisone
targets glucocorticoid receptor - inhibits phospholipase a2, NFkB and other inflammatory factors low dose = anti-inflammatory high dose = immunosuppressive chronic use can lead to water retention, hyper tension, acne, allergy, metabolic acidosis
87
Carbimazole
antithyroid agent - treatment of hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis inhibits thyroid peroxidase - stops production of T3 and T4
88
Noradrenaline
a1 and a2 adrenergic receptors to cause vasoconstriction | treat hypotension, neurogenic shock,
89
Serotonin
temporary relief from nervousness, anxiety, join pain, drowziness
90
Benzodiazepine
investigated in treatment of obesity, sleep apnea, disorders of pancreas and gall bladder etc

Drugs Y1 (1 decks)

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