Drugs Uses in Glaucoma (Konorev) Flashcards
What is the function of the iris circular muscle?
Its effect is due to activation of?
1) Constrict pupil to cause miosis
2) M3 receptors (GPCR coupled to Gq)
What is the function of the iris radial muscle?
Its effect is due to activation of?
1) Dilates pupil to cause mydriasis
2) α1 adrenergic receptors (GPCR coupled to Gq)
The ciliary muscle opens up trabecular meshwork, improves outflow of aqueous humor into the canal of Shlemm which causes?
What receptor is involved?
1) Decrease in intraocular pressure
2) M3 receptor
What produces aqueous humor?
What receptor activation increases humor production?
What receptor activation decreases humor production?
1) Ciliary epithelium
2) β adrenergic receptor (GPCR coupled to Gs)
2) α2 adrenergic receptors (GPCR coupled to Gi)
What improves outflow of aqueous humor?
1) Contraction of ciliary muscle
2) Contraction of iris circular muscle
What decreases outflow of aqueous humor?
1) Contraction of iris radial muscle
2) Relaxation of ciliary muscle
Which type of primary glaucoma is characterized by chronic progressive disease with no apparent mechanical blockage for the humor outflow?
Open angle glaucoma
Which type of primary glaucoma is characterized by acute intermittent partial or complete blockage of the outflow, may have to be treated as an emergency to avoid vision loss?
Closed angle glaucoma
In the treatment of open angle glaucoma, what drug classes reduce the aqueous humor production?
1) β-blocking drugs
2) α2 adrenergic agonists
3) Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
Betaxolol, Timolol, Metipranolol, Levobunolol, and Carteolol make up what drug class?
β-blocking drugs
Apraclonidine and Brimonidine make up what drug class?
α2 adrenergic agonists
Brinzolamide, Dorzolamide, Acetazolamide, and Methazolamide make up what drug class?
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
In the treatment of open angle glaucoma, what drug classes increase the aqueous humor production?
1) Prostaglandin analogs
2) α2 adrenergic agonists
3) Direct cholinergic agonists
4) Inhibitors of cholinesterase
Latanoprost, Bimatoprost, and Travoprost make up what drug class?
Prostaglandin analogs
Apraclonidine and Brimonidine make up what drug class?
α2 adrenergic agonists
Carbachol and Pilocarpine make up what drug class?
Direct cholinergic agonists
Echothiophate makes up what drug class?
Inhibitors of cholinesterase
What is the MOA of Beta blockers?
Reduces aqueous humor production by the ciliary body
Which beta blocker is favored because it lacks local anesthetic effects?
Timolol
What is the MOA of α2 adrenergic agonists?
Decreases the rate of aqueous humor production by relaxing ciliary muscle
Which α2 adrenergic agonists is more commonly used?
Brimonidine
What is the MOA of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?
Decrease osmotic pressure of the aqueous humor
What is the MOA of prostaglandin analogs?
Reduce intraocular pressure
Which prostaglandin analogs is the most effective in lowering intraocular pressure?
Bimatoprost
