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Drugs Used In Gastrointestinal Disorders > Drugs Used In Gastrointestinal Disorders > Flashcards

Drugs Used In Gastrointestinal Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What are some problems of the GI?

A

Regurgitation, vomiting, diarrhea, weight loss, colic, bloat, flatulence, abnormal stools, and constipation

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2
Q

What are some functions of the GI?

A
  • Intake of fluid and food into the body
  • Absorption of nutrients and fluid
  • Excretion of waste products
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3
Q

Salivary glands begin enzymatic digestion by producing enzymes that breakdown starch into simpler _____

A

Carbohydrates

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4
Q

____ delivered to the duodenum break down fats, carbs, proteins and sdoium bicarbonate from the pancreas neutralizes hydrochloric acid from the stomach

A

Pancreatic enzymes

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5
Q

Where are bile salts produced?

A

In the liver and delivered in the duodenum aid in the digestion by emulsifying fats

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6
Q

What are the 3 sections of the intestines?

A

Duodenum where the pancreas is located, the long and highly coiled jejunum, and the short ileum which connects to the large intestines.

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7
Q

Movements of the small intestines mix the intestinal contents called ____ and move them toward the large intestine

A

Chyme

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8
Q

What is perstalsis?

A

A wave of contractions that propels contents along the digestive tract

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9
Q

What is sepmentation?

A

Periodic, repeating pattern of intestinal constrictions that serve to mix and churn the contents

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10
Q

What is the definition of vomiting?

A

Forceful ejection of the contents of the stomach through the mouth

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11
Q

Vomiting is initiated by the activation of the emetic center in the ____ of the brain.

A

Medulla

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12
Q

What is the vomiting center connected to?

A

Nerve pathways to the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CRTZ), the cerebral cortex, and the peripheral receptors in the pharynx, GIT, urinary system, and the heart

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13
Q

Vomiting impulses may be generated by?

A

Pain, excitement, fear, disturbances in the inner ear, drugs (apomorphine and digoxin), metabolic conditions (wremia, ketonemia, endotoxemia), and irritation of peripheral receptors

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14
Q

What are 2 species that do not vomit?

A

Horses and rats

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15
Q

What are drugs that induce vomiting called?

A

Emetics

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16
Q

Emetics are contraindicated when patients are?

A

Comatose or having a seizure, have depressed pharyngeal reflexes, are in shock or are dyspnic and have ingested strong acid, alkali or other caustic substances

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17
Q

Emetics are classified according to the site of action, what are those 2 sites?

A

Centrally acting (act on the CRTZ) and Peripherally acting are locally acting and are home remedies or OTC

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18
Q

What centrally acting emetic is a morphine derivative that stimulates dopamine receptors in the CRTZ which then activates the vomiting center?

A

Apomorphine

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19
Q

True or False
Apomorphine is poorly absorbed after oral administration and is therefore usually administered topically in the conjunctival sac or parenterally

A

True

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20
Q

What centrally acting emetic is controversial in cats? What is a better solution for cats?

A

Apomorphine

Xylazine

21
Q

True or False

Xylazine is a beta 2 agonist

A

False

Alpha 2 agonist

22
Q

What locally acting emetic is obtained from plant roots?

A

Syrup of Ipecac

23
Q

What does syrup of Ipecac contain?

A

Alkaloids that irritate gastric mucosa and induce vomiting within 10-30 mins

24
Q

What locally acting emetic can be used orally? What percent?

A

Hydrogen Perioxide (3%)

25
Q

What is the dose for hydrogen perioxide?

A

1 tsp (5ml) per 5 lbs (not to exceed 45 mls) repeat only once

26
Q

True or False

Mustard and warm salt water can be used as a locally acting emetic

A

True

27
Q

What are antiemetics?

A

Drugs that are used to prevent or control vomiting

28
Q

What antiemetic is centrally acting and blocks dopamine and is useful in preventing motion sickness in dogs and cats?

A

Phenothiazine Derivatives (Chlorpromazine)

29
Q

What is an example of Phenothiazine Derivatives?

A

Chlorpromazine

30
Q

What antiemetic has central and peripheral acting abilities but has a short half life and may often have to be administered as a continuous drip?

A

Procainamide Derivatives (Metoclopramide)

31
Q

What is an example of a Procainamide Derivative?

A

Metoclopramide

32
Q

What antiemetic can be used for parvo, uremic vomiting, and vomiting associated with chemo?

A

Procainamide Derivative

33
Q

True or False

All antihistamines may cause sedation

A

True

34
Q

What are some examples of antihistamines?

A

Dramamine, diphenydramine (benadryl)

35
Q

What antiemetic if found on the vagal nerve terminals and in the CRTZ cortex?

A

Serotonin Receptor Antagonists

36
Q

Which antiemetic works by blocking the binding of substance P (a neurotransmitter involved in vomiting) to NK-1 receptors in the CRTZ?

A

NK-1 Receptor Antagonists

37
Q

What is an example of a NK-1 Receptor Antagonist medication?

A

Maropitant citrate (cerenia)

38
Q

With H2 Receptor Antagonists one of the primary stimuli for secretion of hydrochloric acid by gastric parietal cells is activation of H2 receptors by ______.

A

Histamine

39
Q

True or False

No H2 blockers are OTC products

A

False

All of them are

40
Q

What are some examples of H2 Receptor Antagonists that are OTC?

A

Cimetidine (Tagamet)
Ranitidine (Zantac)
Famootidine (Pepcid)

41
Q

Which of the H2 Receptor Antagonists is the least potent?

A

Cimetidine (Tagamet)

42
Q

Which of the H2 Receptor Antagonists also has prokinetic activity in that it promotes gastric emptying?

A

Ranitidine (Zantac)

43
Q

Which of the H2 Receptor Antagonists is the most potent?

A

Famootidine (Pepcid)

44
Q

What is an example of a proton pump inhibitor?

A

Omeprazole (prilosec)

45
Q

What does proton pump inhibitors bind to?

A

Binds irreversibly at the secretory surface of the parietal cell to the enzyme Na-K-ATPase

46
Q

Which enzyme in the proton pump inhibitor is responsible for pumping hydrogen ions into the stomach?

A

Na-K-ATpase

47
Q

Which antiulcer medication is used to decrease hydrochloric acid levels in the stomach to aid in the treatment of gastric ulcers , gastritis, esopagitis?

A

Antacids

48
Q

True or False
Antacids may also be used in patients with renal failure because antacids bind with intestinal phosphorus and reduce hyperphosphatemia

A

True

Drugs Used In Gastrointestinal Disorders (1 decks)

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