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Drugs Used In Cardiovascular System Disorders > Drugs Used In Cardiovascular System Disorders > Flashcards

Drugs Used In Cardiovascular System Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What are basic functions of the CV system?

A

Delivery of O2, nutrients, and hormones to various parts of the body

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2
Q

What is myocardium?

A

Strong muscle tissue that composes the atrial and ventricular chambers

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3
Q

What are the 2 phases pumping action is divided into?

A

Systole and Diastole

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4
Q

What is systole?

A

Period of contraction

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5
Q

What is Diastole?

A

Relaxation phase when chambers are filling

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6
Q

HR is controlled primarily by which nervous system?

A

Autonomic

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7
Q

What are the structures that make up the cardiac conduction system?

A

Sinoatrial node, Atrioventricular node, Bundle of his and its branches, and the Purkinje system

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8
Q

The rate of discharge of the SA node therefore controls the heart rate and is called the ____.

A

Cardiac pacemaker

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9
Q

Myocardial cells are joined together by structures called ____.

A

Intercalated disks

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10
Q

Fusing cell membranes fused into an interconnected mass called _____.

A

Syncytium

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11
Q

What are arrhythmias?

A

Spontaneous depolartization of cardiac muscle of abnormalities of the conduction system

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12
Q

What is cardiac output?

A

The amount of blood the heart is capable of pumping per minute

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13
Q

Stroke volume is determined by the amount of blood that fills the ventricle during diastole called ____, and the arterial resistence that the ventricle must pump against it is called ____.

A

Preload

Afterload

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14
Q

What are some compensatory mechanisms?

A
  • Increasing HR
  • Increasing the stroke volume
  • Increasing the efficiency of the heart muscle
  • Physiologic heart enlargement (aka cardiac remodeling)
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15
Q

What is valvular disease?

A

A valvular insuffciency which is a backflow or leakage of blood backward through the valve

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16
Q

What is a cause of valvular disease?

A

Caused by inadequate opening of the valves so insuffciency or stenosis may occur

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17
Q

True or False

Valvular disease may result from progressive bacterial endocarditis

A

True

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18
Q

What are 2 types of valvular disease?

A

Tricuspid = ascites (right)

Mitral valve - pulmonary edema (left)

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19
Q

What are some categories of drugs that may predispose the heart to arrhythmias?

A

Catecholamines, atropine, thiobarbiturates

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20
Q

If part of a cardiac tissue depolarizes out of sequence with the SA node, an ____ may result

A

Arrhythmia

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21
Q

What is cardiomyopathy?

A

A disease of the myocardium

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22
Q

What is cardiomyopathy classified as?

A

Congestive (becomes thin)

Hypertropic (becomes thick)

23
Q

What are some objectives in treating CV disease?

A
  • Control rhythm disturbances
  • Maintain or increase cardiac output
  • Relieve fluid accumulation
  • Increase oxygenation of blood
  • Ancillary treatment
24
Q

What is inotropic?

A

Alters force of muscle contractions

25
Q

True or False

Negative inotropes provide stronger contractions

A

False

Provide weaker

26
Q

What is chronotropic?

A

Changes heart rate by changing rhythm, produced by the SA node

27
Q

Negative chronotropes ____ HR, Positive chronotropes ____ HR

A

Decrease

Increase

28
Q

What are some examples of negative chronotropes? Positive?

A

N- digoxin

P- atropine, epinephrine

29
Q

The digitalis compounds (digoxin and digitoxin) are obtained from the dried leaves of the plant ____.

A

Digitalis purpurea

30
Q

What is an example of Cardiac Glycosides?

A

Digitalis

31
Q

What are some benefits of cardiac glycosides?

A
  • Improved cardiac contracitility
  • Decreased HR
  • Anti-arrhythmic effects
  • Decreased signs of dyspena
32
Q

True or False

Cardiac Glycosides is a positive inotopic drug

A

True

33
Q

What are some examples of positive inotropic catecholamine drugs?

A

Epinephrine, dopamine, dobutamine

34
Q

Which positive inotropic drug has a short serum half life so they are used for short term management of severe heart failure?

A

Catecholamines

35
Q

What is the preferred drug for providing stimulation for contraction of the heart and for supporting the circulatory system after cardiac arrest?

A

Epinephrine

36
Q

What is a biosynthetic precursor of norepinephrine?

A

Dopamine

37
Q

What is a positive inotropic drug that increases calcium sensitivity of cardiac microfilaments?

A

Mixed dilator (Pimobendan)

38
Q

What are clinical uses of Pimobendan?

A

Atrioventricular insufficieny or dilated cardiomyopathy

39
Q

True or False

Pimobendan is contraindicated in cases of hypertropic cardiomyopathy and aortic shunts

A

True

40
Q

What is the group of cells that begin to depolarize faster during arrythymias called?

A

Ectopic focus

41
Q

What are some factors that may predispose the heart to arrhythmias?

A
  • Conditions that cause hypoxemia
  • Electrolyte imbalances
  • Increased levels or increased sensitivity to catecholamines
  • Digitalis compounds, thiobarbiturates, inhalent anesthetics, xylazine
  • Cardiac traume or disease that results in altered cardiac cells
42
Q

Arrhythmias are classed in relation to heart rate as ______ or _____

A
  • Tachyarrhythmias

- Bradyarrhythmias

43
Q

What drug is considered a local anesthetic and antiarrhythmiic?

A

Lidocaine

44
Q

What antiarrhythmiic is frequently used in emergency medicine?

A

Lidocaine

45
Q

Which antiarrhythmic drug should not be used with epinephrine?

A

Lidocaine

46
Q

What is an example of a vasodilator drug?

A

Nitroglycerin Ointment

47
Q

What are some precautions that should be used when administering Nitroglycerin Ointment?

A

Wear gloves, rotate sites, use tape to signify

48
Q

Where is Nitroglycerin Ointment usually placed?

A

On the pinna

49
Q

What diurectic drug is very powerful and the most important and efficacous diuretic for removing edema?

A

Furosemide

50
Q

What diuretic is potassium sparing diuretic and antagonost of aldosterone?

A

Spironolactone

51
Q

What are the 2 primary goals of dietary management of heart disease?

A
  • Sodium restriction and maintenance of good body weight and condition
52
Q

The primary source of sodium is ____

A

Food

53
Q

What are some ancillary treatments of heart failure?

A
  • Bronchodilators
  • Oxygen therapy
  • Sedation
  • Asprin
    _thoracocentesis and Abdominocentesis

Drugs Used In Cardiovascular System Disorders (1 decks)

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