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Pharm 2 exam 1 > drugs used for bioterrorism and management of poisoning > Flashcards

drugs used for bioterrorism and management of poisoning Flashcards

1
Q

treatment for anthrax?

A

oral-ciprofloxacin

inhalation- combined cipro and doxycycline

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2
Q

if a pregnant person has anthrax, what med would you give them?

A

streptomycin or genomycin

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3
Q

is there a vaccine for anthrax? if so, give some info.

A

yes.
can get it if exposed.
3 subq injections 2 weeks apart then at 6,12 and 18 months with annual boosters.

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4
Q

what teaching would you do with doxycycline ?

A

could cause teeth deformation and cleft lip.

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5
Q

what is botulism?

A

it paralyzes!! (botox)
mainly food bourne pathogen
not transmissible
-if a person is not treated, they will fairly rapidly develop paralysis and respiratory failure

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6
Q

what is the treatment for botulism?

A

no preventable measures

  • supportive care with fluid and nutrional support
  • *** infusion of botulinum antitoxin (this should be given immediately to minimize damage to nerves)… dont wait on lab confirmation of botulism
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7
Q

is there a vaccine for botulism?

A

yes
through state health departments or CDC also a vaccine is avaliable through department of defense.
-is an investigational drug, only used in select cases

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8
Q

what bacteria is found in rodents and fleas?

A

yersinia pestis (pneumonic plague)

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9
Q

___ is transmitted person to person… acquired by ____ aerosolied yersinia pestis

A

pneumonic plague

inhaling

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10
Q

what is the treatment for pneumonic plague?

A

has to be treated within 24 hrs or rapidly progressed to respiratory failure and death.

  • doxycycline or ciprofloxacin for 7 days
  • NO vaccine
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11
Q

is pneumonic plague contagious?

A

yes highly!

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12
Q

what is known as rabbit fever or deer fly fever?

A

tularemia is an infectious process exposure to francisella tularensis

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13
Q

how to avoid tularemia?

treatment?

A

use insect repelant;wear correct clothing

im streptomycin or gentamicin (whichever you can get ahold of)
mass outbreak= oral doxycycline (14-21 days) or oral ciprofloxacin (10 days)

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14
Q

what is the most infectious disease known?

A

tularemia

inoculation with only 10 microbes can cause diease

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15
Q

is their a vaccine with tularemia?

A

yes. but it an investigational drug so not given on regular basic.

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16
Q

smallpox is caused by ___.

A

variola virus

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17
Q

is their a treatment for smallpox?

A

NO, just the vaccine

  • treatment is supportive with fluid and electrolytes.
  • vaccine gives immunity for 3-5 years; it is most effective if given prior to exposure or up to 3 days post exposure
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18
Q

when given smallpox vaccine, how should the site be covered?

A

with sterile gauze, taped on all sides and perphaps covered with a semipermeable membrane.
-dressing should be disposed in a ziploc baggy.

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19
Q

what is significant about the smallbox vaccine?

A

live vaccination with bifurcated needle

  • do not prepare with alcohol!
  • scar =successfully vaccinated
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20
Q

___ causes cholinergic crisis by causing excessive muscarinic stimultaion and depolarizing neuromuscular bloackade– servere muscle weakness

A

sarin

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21
Q

what is the treatment for sarin?

A

atropine
-if having convulsions, gie diazapam!
remove clothing (double bagged), flush with soap and water; objects can be flushed with 5% bleach and water.
-mechical ventilation (if resp. failure)

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22
Q

the magic antedote for sarin is?

A

atropine!! if they start to seize give diazepam

23
Q

what is the same as organophosphate poisoning?

A

sarin

24
Q

if the patient is concious you give iv of ___, if the patient is unconcious you give iv of __/

A

Latated ringer

dextrose

25
Q

what are the 3 broad catergories of the sign and symptoms of organophosphate poisoning?

A
  1. SLUDGE ( salivation, lacrimation, urination, diarrhea, GI upset, emesis)
  2. nicotinic signs and symptoms (muscle fasculations, cramping, weakness, and diaphragmatic failure.)
  3. cns effects
26
Q

what is the instructions for giving atropine

A

give 3xs per 30 mins!

by injection!

27
Q

when you get radiation exposure what is the most important thng?

A

to get potassium iodine ASAP! 48 hrs is your outside window

28
Q

what are the treatments for radiation exposure?

A

potassium iodine

and perssian blue

29
Q

what is important about perssian blue?

A

increases the excretion tme of radioactive substances.. works by preventing reabsorbtion of the substances in the small intestines.
assess bowel sounds
give laxative along with this because is can cause constipation
-can turn stool and teeth blue
-

30
Q

___ happens when body is not able to completely metabolize, detoxify, and eliminate agents.

A

toxicity

31
Q

if convulsion are present, you give ___.

A

diazapam; valium

32
Q

what is the antedote for acetaminophen?

A

acetylcysteince (mucomyst)

33
Q

what is the antedote for beta blockers?

A

glucagen

34
Q

what is the antedote for digoxin?

A

digoxin iumme fab (digibind)

35
Q

what is the antedote for opioids?

A

nalaxone (narcan)

36
Q

what is the antedote for cholinesterase inhibitors?

A

atropine

37
Q

what is used when a substance is swallowed and needs to be eliminated through GI system?

A

activated charcoal

38
Q

if they person is unconcious, should you give activated charcoal?

A

NO

39
Q

how can activated charcoal be given?

A

given po or though NG tube. best bet is through an NG tube. it is not metabolized or absorbed.

40
Q

before giving activated charcoal, you should assess? and teach what?

A

assess bowel sounds and gag reflex
and warned patient stool will be black.
-milk or dairy products decrease the effectveness of charcoal

41
Q

when giving oral med, what should you know about charcoal?

A

will decrease absorbtion of oral meds, so wait at least 2 hours before giving oral meds

42
Q

charcoal absorbs up to __ of toxic substance.

A

60%

43
Q

if you overdose on alkaline drugs (ampgetamines or strichyn) , you should give

A

acid product like ascorbic acid to flush out with furosemide (laxis)

44
Q

if you overdose on acidic drugs (aspirin or phenobarbital) , you give

A

alkaline bases product to neutralize it (sodium bicarbonate) then flush out with furosemide (laxis)

45
Q

acidic drugs are?

A

aspirin and phenobarbital

46
Q

alkaline drugs are?

A

amphetamines or strichyn

47
Q

overdoes on acidic drug, you get

A

sodium biacarbonate

48
Q

overdose on alkaline drug, you get

A

ascorbic acid

49
Q

what is the antidote for heavy medal poisoning?

A

chelating agents

50
Q

what does chelating agents do?

A

engulf and remove heavy metal

51
Q

___ is used to treat poisoning with lead, manganese, nickel and zinc.

A

edetate calcium disodium (calcium EDTA)

- used iv or im

52
Q

__ used to treat poisoning with arsenic, gold, mercury, ad in conjuction with EDTA calcium in lead encephalopathy

A

dimercapol (BAL in oil)

given im

53
Q

what is important about the 2 drugs for heavy metal poisoning?

A

they can be given at the same timebut can not be mixed. has to be 2 seperate sites and 2 seperate injections!!

Pharm 2 exam 1 (2 decks)

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