Drugs to Memorize

Question 1

Epinephrine (Adrenalin) MOA

Answer 1

• Causes alpha-mediated vasoconstriction
• Used to delay absorption of local anesthetics, control superficial bleeding, elevate blood pressure
• Anaphylactic shock
• Over comes AV block
• Can restore cardiac function after arrest
• Alpha 1, alpha 2, beta 1, beta 2

Question 2

Epinephrine ADEs

Answer 2

• Hypertensive crisis (can cause cerebral hemorrhage)
• Dysrhythmias
• Angina pectoris
• Hyperglycemia

Question 3

Epinephrine ADEs

Answer 3

• Hypertensive crisis (can cause cerebral hemorrhage)
• Dysrhythmias
• Angina Pectoris
• Hyperglycemia

Question 4

Epinephrine Drug Interactions

Answer 4

• MAO inhibitors

- Beta blockers

Question 5

Metoprolol MOA

Answer 5

• Selective blockade of beta-1 receptors

- Used for hypertension, Angina pectoris, heart failure, MI

Question 6

Metoprolol ADEs

Answer 6

• Bradycardia
• Reduced cardiac output
• AV heart block
• Rebound hypertension
• Can mask signs & symptoms of hypoglycemia

Question 7

Propranolol MOAs

Answer 7

• Blockage of beta-1 receptors =
• Reduced HR, reduced ventricular contraction, suppression of impulse conduction
• Reduction of CO
• Suppression of renin secretion
• Beta 2 blockage = bronchoconstriction & vasoconstriction
• Used for hypertension, angina pectoris, MI, migraines

Question 8

Propranolol ADEs

Answer 8

• Bradycardia
• AV heart block (contraindicated with pt’s with previous heart block)
• Heart failure
• Rebound tachycardia & hypertension

Question 9

Bethanechol MOAs

Answer 9

• Parasympathomimetic
• Used for urinary retention
• Contraction of detrusor muscle and relaxation of trigone and sphincter

Question 10

Bethanechol ADEs

Answer 10

• Hypotension
• Hypermotility of GI
• Asthma exacerbation
• Dysrhythmias

Question 11

Atropine MOAs

Answer 11

• Anticholinergic
• Increases HR, decreases secretions, relaxes bronchi
• Used for bradycardia, asthma, preanesthetic, peptic ulcer disease

Question 12

Atropine ADEs

Answer 12

• Dry mouth
• Blurred vision and photophobia, increase in intraocular pressure
• Urinary retention, constipation
• Tachycardia
• Asthma

Question 13

Cyclobenzaprine MOA

Answer 13

• Centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant

- Used for relief of muscle spasm and associated pain

Question 14

Cyclobenzaprine ADEs

Answer 14

• CNS Depression
• Anticholinergic effects
• Cardiac rhythm disturbances
• Interactions with antidepressants

Question 15

Lidocaine MOA

Answer 15

• Inhibits conduction of nerves, temporary loss of feeling or sensation
• Used in ventricular arrhythmias, local and topical local anesthesia

Question 16

Lidocaine ADEs

Answer 16

• Pain at injection site, burning, stinging

- Cardiovascular depression, bradycardia, hypotension, malignant hyperthermia

Question 17

Propofol MOA

Answer 17

• Promotes release of GABA, depressing the CNS

- Used for general anesthesia

Question 18

Propofol ADEs

Answer 18

• Respiratory depression
• Hypotension
• Small therapeutic index

Question 19

Tacrolimus MOA

Answer 19

• Used to prevent organ rejection after transplantation
• Calcineurin inhibitor, prevents production of IL-2 and inhibits T-cell proliferation
• Narrow therapeutic index, toxic
• Cyclosporine has same MOA and choice for organ rejection

Question 20

Tacrolimus ADEs

Answer 20

• Nephrotoxicity
• Neurotoxicity
• GI effects
• Hypertension
• Hyperkalemia
• Hyperglycemia
• Hyperplasia of the gums

Question 21

Tacrolimus Pt Teaching

Answer 21

• Avoid grapefruit juice

- Avoid NSAIDs

Question 22

Hydrocortisone + Prednisone

Answer 22

• Used in prophylaxis of organ rejection
• Used for autoimmune disorders
• Contraindicated with systemic fungal infections and live vaccines
• ADEs : adrenal insufficiency, osteoporosis, injections, growth delays