Drugs that came up in USMLE rx

Question 1

NSAIDs

Answer 1

Cox inhibitors. blocking cox1 leads to issues with GI. Sfx: GI bleeding leading to anemia and abd discomfort.

Question 2

sulfonylureas, like glyburide

Answer 2

ATP sensitive k channel block, esp in pancreas beta cell mbrns, leading to mbrn depol, opening of VSCC, and release of insulin. used to treat type 2 diabetes. Sfx: hypoglycemia

Question 3

ACE inhibitors (like lisinopril)

Answer 3

used for HTN, CHF, prevention of renal complications of diabetes. Sfx of lisinopril: angioedema, cough, hyperkalemia, proteinuria, renal failure.

Question 4

allopurinol

Answer 4

inhibits xanthine oxidase, which is involved in uric acid synthesis. used to treat gout.

Question 5

metronidazole

Answer 5

tx giardia. this disease presents with bloating, flatulence, foul smelling diarrhea, light colored fatty stools.

Question 6

nitazoxanide

Answer 6

tx for cryptosporidium in immunocompetent pts. for immunosuppressed pts, just supportive care.

Question 7

fluoroquinolones

Answer 7

block bacterial topoisomerases. used for ecoli, salmonella typhi.

Question 8

metronidazole

Answer 8

inhibits nucleic acid synth in anearobic bacteria. tx for entameoba, trichomonas, giardia.

Question 9

macrolides

Answer 9

interfere with 50s ribosome subunit

Question 10

clindamycin

Answer 10

interfere with 50s ribosome subunit , useful for babesia. may cause pseudomembranous colitis

Question 11

cholramphenicol

Answer 11

interfere with 50s ribosome subunit

Question 12

streptogramins

Answer 12

interfere with 50s ribosome subunit

Question 13

linezolid

Answer 13

interfere with 50s ribosome subunit

Question 14

mebendazole

Answer 14

an antihelminthic drug that interferes with spindle apparatus, interrupting cell division. blocks uptake of glucose and nutrients in the helminths.

Question 15

ampicillin

Answer 15

board spectrum antibiotic that inhibits cell wall synthesis. enterococci, listeria, and gram - rods. often combined with clavulanic acid, a penicillinase inhibitor.

Question 16

sulfasalazine

Answer 16

anti inflammatory agent used to tx IBD. it is a combination of sulfapyridine (antibacterial) and mesalamine (antiinflam) which is activated by colonic bacteria and reduces production of pro inflam cytokines. (sfx: nausea, malaise, reversable oligospermia)

Question 17

B2 agonist

Answer 17

tx heart dz

Question 18

octreotide

Answer 18

antagonizes 5HT at level of cell mbrns so used to treat carcinoid syndrome until surgery can be performed.