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Pharmacology > Drugs that Affect the Respiratory System > Flashcards

Drugs that Affect the Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

Characterized by airway inflammation

A

Asthma

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2
Q

T or F: Asthma is not usually accompanied by bronchial hyperreactivity

A

False [it is usually accompanied]

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3
Q

Two developments of asthma

A

Early and Late Response

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4
Q

Characterized by bronchoconstriction and increased mucus secretion

A

Early Response

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5
Q

Characterized by inflammation

A

Late Response

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6
Q

Non-allergic (intrinsic) asthma is caused by?

A

Stress
Anxiety
Viral Infection
Smoke
Weather

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7
Q

Allergic (extrinsic) asthma is triggered by ____ in response to foreign Proteins

A

Immunoglobulin E (IgE)

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8
Q

Foreign proteins is also called?

A

Allergens

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9
Q

It is a chronic progressive disease with a fixed and poorly reversible airflow obstruction

A

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

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10
Q

T or F: COPD can be reversed with the use of bronchodilators

A

False [cannot be reversed even with bronchodilators]

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11
Q

Characterized by permanent structural damage to the airways and parenchyma

A

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

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12
Q

Two forms of COPD

A

Chronic Bronchitis and Emphysema

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13
Q

It is the destruction of the alveolar walls and capillaries by increased lung enzymatic activity

A

Emphysema

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14
Q

An inflammation of the bronchial tree

A

Chronic Bronchitis

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15
Q

List the therapies for asthma: Controllers

A

Long-acting B2 agonist
Corticosteroids
Anti-IgE antibodies

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16
Q

List the therapies for asthma: Prophylaxis

A

Leukotiene antagonists

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17
Q

List the therapies for asthma: Relievers

A

Short-acting B2 agonist
Muscarinic antagonist
Theophylline

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18
Q

List the therapies for COPD

A

Long-acting B2 agonist + Long acting muscarinic antagonist
Antimicrobical therapy

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19
Q

Therapy for asthma that has an effect of bronchodilators which can quickly reverse the bronchospasm

A

Relievers

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19
Q

Therapy for asthma that focuses on prevention; Usually taken for seasonal asthma

A

Prophylaxis

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20
Q

Therapy for asthma that is an anti-inflammatory agent which can produce long term bronchodilations

A

Controllers

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21
Q

T or F: COPD is poorly reversible with brochodilators

A

True

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22
Q

T or F: COPD is responsive to corticosteroids

A

False [not responsive]

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23
Q

MOA: Stimulates adenylate cyclase = increase cAMP = bronchodilation

A

Beta-Adrenoceptor Agonist

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24
Q

Three types of B-adrenoreceptor agonists

A

Short-acting (SABA)
Long-acting (LABA)
Ultra long-acting

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25
Q

T or F: B2 agonists are given exclusively by inhalation

A

True

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26
Q

It is the most widely used sympathomimetics

A

B2-selective agonist

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27
Q

T or F: Beta adrenoreceptor agonist has anti-iflammatory action?

A

False [it does not have anti-inflammatory action]

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28
Q

List the drugs under Short-acting B2 agonist

A

Salbutamol
Metaproterenol
Terbutaline

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29
Q

List the drugs under Long-acting B2 agonist

A

Salmeterol
Formoterol

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30
Q

List the drugs under Ultra Long-acting B2 agonist

A

Indicaterol
Olodaterol
Vilanterol
Bambuterol

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31
Q

Used for acute episodes of bronchospasm

A

Short-acting (SABA)

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32
Q

B2 agonist used for prophylaxis

A

Long-acting (LABA)

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33
Q

Has a side effect of skeletal muscle tremors, tachycardia, hypokalemia, hyperglycemia

A

Ultra long-acting

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34
Q

Has the tendency to have tolerance with prolonged use

A

Ultra long-acting

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35
Q

T or F: Duration: 24 hours = Long-acting (SABA)

A

False [Ulta long-acting]

36
Q

Onset and Duration of Short-acting B2 agonist

A

15 minutes
4 hours or less

37
Q

MOA: Inhibit phospholipase A2 = decreased arachidonic acid = decreased prostaglandins and leukotienes

A

Corticosteroid

38
Q

List the drugs under Cortocosteroids

A

Beclomethasone
Budesonide
Flunisolide
Fluticasone
Mometasone

39
Q

For moderate asthma that are not fully responsive to B2-agonist

A

Cortociseteroid

40
Q

T or F: Oral candidiasis is one of the side effects of corticosteroids

A

True

41
Q

Other S/E of corticosteroid aside from oral candidiasis

A

Mild growth retardation in children

42
Q

For exercise, antigens and aspirin induced bronchospasm

A

Leukotriene Antagonist

43
Q

T or F: Leukotriene is not recommended for acute asthma episodes

A

True

44
Q

Two types of Leukotriene Antagonist

A

Leukotriene Receptor Blockers and
Lipoxygenase Inhibitor

45
Q

List the drugs under Lipoxygenase Inhibitors

A

Zileuton

46
Q

List the drugs under Leukotriene Receptor Blocker

A

Montelukast
Zafirlukast

47
Q

MOA: Antagonist at the LTD4 leukotriene receptor = inhibit leukotriene action

A

Leukotriene Receptor Blockers

48
Q

MOA: Selectively inhibit 5-lipoxygenase = decreased leukotriene synthesis

A

Lypoxygenase Inhibitor

49
Q

MOA: Blocks muscarinic M3 receptors in the airways reverse bronchoconstriction

A

Muscarinic Antagonists

50
Q

List the drugs under muscarinic antagonists

A

Ipratropium
Tiotropium
Aclidinium
Umeclidinium

51
Q

T or F: Corticosteroid is safer and more effective over B2 agonists in COPD

A

False [Muscarinic antagonists]

52
Q

Muscarinic drugs that has longer-acting analogs; usually for COPD

A

Tiotropium
Aclidinium
Umeclidinium

53
Q

T or F: Muscarinic antagonists has a S/E of minor atropine-like effects in case of overdoses

A

True

54
Q

MOA: Poorly understood drug; thought to inhibit mast cell degranulation = decrease release of histamine and leukotrienes

A

Mast Cell Stanilizers

55
Q

List drugs that are mast cell stabilizers

A

Cromolyn
Nedocromil

56
Q

T or F: Mast cell stabilizers is not an obsolete treatment for asthma

A

False [It is ALMOST obsolete]

57
Q

T or F: Mast cell stabilizers is used in reducing symptoms of allergic rhino conjunctivitis

A

True

58
Q

T or F: Theophylline is not the only clinical drug used for asthma

A

False [It is the ONLY clinical drug]

59
Q

MOA: It inhibits phosphodiesterase = increases cAMP bronchodilation

A

Methylxanthines

60
Q

What is the IV or theophylline salt?

A

Aminophylline

61
Q

A Methylxanthine drugs that is a PDE4 inhibitor approved for COPD

A

Roflumilast

62
Q

T or F: S/E of methyxanthines are gastrointestinal distress, tremors, and insomnia

A

True

63
Q

Other name for Theophylline

A

1,3-dimethylxanthine

64
Q

MOA: Binds to IgE on sensitized mast cells = prevents mast cell activation and subsequent release of inflammatory mediators

A

Anti-IgE Antibodies

65
Q

List the drugs under anti-IgE antibodies

A

Omalizumab

66
Q

T or F: Omalizumab must be administered intravenously

A

False [Parenterally]

67
Q

It is a humanized monoclonal antibody to human IgE

A

Omalizumab

68
Q

MOA: stimulates alpha receptors in the vascular smooth muscle = vasoconstriction and shrinkage if nasal tissues

A

Decongestants

69
Q

Two types of decongestants

A

Oral decongestants
Topical decongestants

70
Q

Decongestant that must be used with caution in patients with cardiac conditions, diabetes, and hyperthyroidism

A

Oral decongestants

71
Q

List the drugs under topical decongestants

A

Oxymetazoline
Phenylephrine

72
Q

List the drugs under oral decongestants

A

Phenylephrine
Pseudoephedrine

73
Q

Its S/E is rebound congestion

A

Topical decongestant

74
Q

T or F: It is advisable to take Oxymetazoline or Phenylephrine for more than 3 - 5 days

A

False [Not advisable due to the possibility of rebound congestion]

75
Q

List the drugs under cough suppressants (antitussives)

A

Dextromethorphan

76
Q

MOA: act centrally in the cough center in the medulla = cough suppression

A

Dextromethorphan

77
Q

T or F: Dextromethorphan is a L-isomer analog levorphanol

A

False [D-isomer]

78
Q

T or F: S/E of cough suppressants includes drowsiness, dizziness, and GI upset

A

True

79
Q

MOA: Disrupt the disulfide bonds in mucus = reduced mucus viscosity

A

Mucolytics

80
Q

List the drugs under Mucolytics

A

Carbocisteine
Ambroxol
Acetylcysteine
Bromhexine

81
Q

MOA: H1 receptor antagonist = block the action of histamine at the H1 receptor site on respiratory tract cells = decreased congestion

A

Antihistamines

82
Q

MOA: Increases volume and reduces surface of mucus (adhesiveness)

A

Expectorants

83
Q

List the drugs under Expectorants

A

Guaifenesin

84
Q

List the drugs under Antihistamines

A

Chlorpheniramine
Brompheniramine
Diphenhydramine

85
Q

Drug for colds and coughs that is not usually used or has questionable clinical usefulness

A

Expectorants [Guaifenesin]

86
Q

Useful in symptomatic management of allergic rhinitis

A

Antihistamine

87
Q

Give the S/E of antihistamines

A

Sedation
Antimuscarinic Effects [blurred vision, dry mouth]

Pharmacology (1 decks)

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