drugs that affect the neuromuscular system Flashcards
Drugs Used to Treat Disorders of the Musculoskeletal System - GOLD COMPOUNDS (action, use, adverse reactions, interactions, administration)
ACTION: Exact action of suppression of inflammation is unknown. Decreases synovial inflammation and retard cartilage and bone destruction. Gold decreases the concentration of
rheumatoid factors and immunoglobulins
USE: Treat active juvenile and
adult rheumatoid arthritis not controlled by other anti-inflammatory drugs. When
cartilage and bone damage have already occurred, gold cannot reverse structural changes to the joints, and the greatest benefit appears to occur in patients in the early stages of disease
ADVERSE REACTIONS: Dermatitis and stomatitis are the most common adverse reactions seen. Pruritus often occurs before the skin eruption becomes apparent. Photosensitivity reactions & chrysiasis
INTERACTIONS: Concurrent use of auranofin w/ phenytoin may increase phenytoin blood levels
ADMINISTRATION: Aurothioglucose and gold sodium
thiomalate is given IM, preferably in the upper outer quadrant of the gluteus muscle. Auranofin is given orally
Drugs Used to Treat Disorders of the Musculoskeletal System - DRUGS USED IN THE TREATMENT
OF GOUT (action, use, adverse reactions, interactions, administration)
ACTION:
ALLOPURINOL: Reduces the production of uric acid, thus decreasing serum uric acid levels and the deposit of urate crystals in joints
COLCHICINE: Exact mechanism of action is unknown, but it does reduce inflammation associated with the deposit of urate
crystals in the joints. This probably accounts for its ability to relieve the severe pain of acute gout. Colchicine has no effect on uric acid metabolism
SULFINPYRAZONE: Increases the excretion of uric acid by the kidneys, which lowers serum uric acid levels (gout elevates serum uric acid level) and consequently slows the deposit of urate crystals in the joints
PROBENECID: Works the same
as sulfinpyrazone, may be given alone or w/ colchicine as a combination therapy when there are frequent, recurrent
attacks of gout. Also has been used to prolong plasma levels of the penicillins and cephalosporins.
USE: Used to manage or prevent acute attacks of gout
ADVERSE REACTIONS:
ALLOPURINOL: Skin
rashes that may be followed by serious hypersensitivity reactions,(ex. exfoliative dermatitis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome). Other adverse reactions include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and hematologic changes
COLCHICINE: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and bone marrow depression
SULFINPYRAZONE: Upper GI disturbances, rash, blood dyscrasias
PROBENECID: Headache, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, urinary frequency, flushing, dizziness
INTERACTIONS:
ALLOPURINOL: Increased incidence of skin rash when administered concurrently w/ ampicillin. Concurrent use of allopurinol and theophylline increases the risk of theophylline toxicity. Increased risk of hypersensitivity reactions w/ angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or thiazide diuretics are administered with allopurinol.
The effectiveness of allopurinol is decreased w/ aluminum salts
COLCHICINE: Doesn’t say???!
SULFINPYRAZONE: Increase anticoagulant activity of oral anticoagulants, increased risk of
hypoglycemia w/ tolbutamide, concurrent use of sulfinpyrazone w/ verapamil may decrease the effectiveness of verapamil
PROBENECID: Salicylates antagonize probenecid’s uricosuric action, concurrent use of probenecid increases the
effects of acyclovir, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, dapsone, methotrexate, NSAIDs, rifampin, and the sulfonamides
ADMINISTRATION: Allopurinol,
probenecid, and sulfinpyrazone given w/ or immediately after, meals to minimize gastric distress., Colchicine usually can be given w/ food or milk. give it every 1 to 2 hours until the pain is
relieved when used for the treatment of an acute gout attack, may give it every 1 to 2 hours until the pain is relieved. Colchicine can also be given via IV if gout is severe
