Drugs That Affect the Brain Can Be Divided into Functional Classes Flashcards
Neuroleptics or Antipsychotics
Any of a class of antipsychotic drugs that alleviate symptoms of schizophrenia, typically by blocking dopamine recptors.
Atypical Neuroleptic
An antipsychotic drug that has actions other than or in addition to the dopamine D2 receptor antagonism that characterizes the typical neuroleptics.
Antidepressant
A drug that relieves the symptoms of depression.
Monoamine Oxidase (MAO)
An enzyme that breaks down monoamine transmitters, thereby inactivating them.
Tricyclic Antidepressant
An antidepressant that acts by increasing the synaptic accumulation of serotonin and norepinephrine.
Selective Serotonnin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI)
A drug that blocks the reuptake of transmitter at serotonergic synapses.
Depressant
A drug that reduces the excitability of neurons.
Barbiturate
An early anxiolytic drug and sleep aid that has depressant activity in the nervous system.
Anxiolytic
A drug that is used to combat anxiety.
Benzodiazepine
Any of a class of antianxiety drug that are agonists of GABAa receptors in the central nervous system. One example is diazepam (Vallium).
Opium
An extract of the seedpod juice of the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum. Drugs based on opium are potent painkillers.
Morphine
An opiate compound derived from the poppy flower.
Analgesic
Having painkilling properties.
Heroin
Diacetylmorphine; an artifically modified, very potent form of morphine.
Opiod Receptor
A receptor that responds to endogenous opiods and/or exogenous opiates.
Figure 4.9
The Distribution of Opiod Receptors in the Rat Brain
Periaqueductal Gray
The neuronal body-rich region of the midbrain surrounding the cerebral aqueduct that connects the third and fourth ventricles; it is involved in pain perception.