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Pharmacology Test 4 Material > Drugs that Affect Pituitary and Hypothalamic Hormones; Calcium Metabolism > Flashcards

Drugs that Affect Pituitary and Hypothalamic Hormones; Calcium Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

Growth Hormone

  1. Use
  2. Mechanism of action
  3. Side effects
A
  1. Children: GH deficiency, idiopathic short stature; Adult: GH deficiency, muscle wasting in AIDS
  2. Human, recombinant
  3. Peripheral edema, carpal tunnel, impaired glucose tolerance
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2
Q

Sermorelin acetate

  1. Use
  2. Mechanism of action
  3. Side effects
A
  1. Children: GH deficiency, idiopathic short stature; Adult: GH deficiency, muscle wasting in AIDS
  2. Synthetic GHRH analog
  3. Injection site reactions and headache
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3
Q

IGF-1

  1. Use
  2. Mechanism of action
  3. Side effects
A
  1. Syndromes of GH resistance
  2. Human, recombinant
  3. Peripheral edema, carpal tunnel, impaired glucose tolerance
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4
Q

Octreotide

  1. Use
  2. Mechanism of action
  3. Side effects
A
  1. Acromegaly or gigantism
  2. Somatostatin agonist: selective for type 2 & 5 somatostatin receptors to inhibit GH release from pituitary
  3. Nausea, abd pain, gallstones
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5
Q

Ianreotide

  1. Use
  2. Mechanism of action
  3. Side effects
A
  1. Acromegaly or gigantism
  2. Somatostatin agonist: selective for type 2 & 5 somatostatin receptors to inhibit GH release from pituitary
  3. Nausea, abd pain, gallstones
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6
Q

Pegvisomant

  1. Use
  2. Mechanism of action
A
  1. Acromegaly or gigantism

2. GH antagonist: binds to GH receptor but doesn’t allow for dimerization so it doesn’t elicit a response

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7
Q

Role of Prolactin

A

Stimulate lactation and inhibits reproductive functions

**not used as a drug but hyperprolactinemia is treated with dopamine agonists

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8
Q

Bromocriptine

  1. Use
  2. Mechanism of action
  3. Side effects
A
  1. Treat hyperprolactinemia causing amenorrhea, galactorrhea and infertility
  2. Hypothalamic dopamine is an inhibitory factor for prolactin release
  3. Nausea, headache, orthostatic hypotension
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9
Q

Cabergoline

  1. Use
  2. Mechanism of action
  3. Side effects
A
  1. Treat hyperprolactinemia causing amenorrhea, galactorrhea and infertility
  2. Hypothalamic dopamine is an inhibitory factor for prolactin release
  3. Nausea, headache, orthostatic hypotension
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10
Q

Oxytocin

  1. Use
  2. Mechanism of action
A
  1. Induce labor

2. Modulates transmembrane ion currents in the smooth muscle of the myometrium to produce contractions

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11
Q

Vasopressin

  1. Use
  2. Mechanism of action
A
  1. Replacement therapy in DI of pituitary origin

2. Causes increased reabsorption of water (also vasoconstriction due to nonselective V1 and V2 agonism)

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12
Q

Desmopressin

  1. Use
  2. Mechanism of action
A
  1. Replacement therapy in DI of pituitary origin

2. Causes increased reabsorption of water (V2 selective)

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13
Q

Vitamin D

  1. How are active metabolites synthesized?
  2. Main effect
  3. Net effect
  4. Use
A
  1. Reactions in the skin, liver, and kidney. Kidney reactions are influenced by PTH (increases enzyme in the kidney that produces active vitamin D)
  2. Increased absorption of Ca++ from GI
  3. Increased serum Ca++
  4. Hypocalcemia
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14
Q

Calcitonin

  1. Mechanism of action
  2. Preparations available
A
  1. Hormone: made in C cells of thyroid; inhibits bone resorption and causes decreased serum calcium
  2. salmon or human
  3. Use: Hypercalcemia
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15
Q

Alendronate

  1. Use
  2. Mechanism of action
  3. Side effects
A
  1. Osteoporosis, hypercalcemia
  2. Linear-nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate: inhibit farnesyl diphosphate synthase –> inhibits cholesterol synthesis –> inhibits osteoclasts, so decreased bone resorption
  3. Esophagitis, joint, bone, muscle pain, osteonecrosis of the jaw
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16
Q

Ibandronate

  1. Use
  2. Mechanism of action
  3. Side effects
A
  1. Osteoporosis, hypercalcemia
  2. Linear-nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate: inhibit farnesyl diphosphate synthase –> inhibits cholesterol synthesis –> inhibits osteoclasts, so decreased bone resorption
  3. Esophagitis, joint, bone, muscle pain, osteonecrosis of the jaw
17
Q

Zoledronate

  1. Use
  2. Mechanism of action
  3. Side effects
A
  1. Osteoporosis, hypercalcemia
  2. Ringed-nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate: inhibit farnesyl diphosphate synthase –> inhibits cholesterol synthesis –> inhibits osteoclasts, so decreased bone resorption
  3. Esophagitis, joint, bone, muscle pain, osteonecrosis of the jaw
18
Q

Raloxifene

  1. Use
  2. Type of drug
A
  1. Osteoporosis

2. Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator (SERM)

19
Q

Denosumab

  1. Use
  2. Mechanism of action
A
  1. Osteoporosis

2. An antibody that inhibits bone resorption by binding RANKL (osteoclast receptor stimulating bone resorption

20
Q

Tetriparatide

  1. Use
  2. Mechanism of action
A
  1. Osteoporosis

2. PTH: acts on osteoblasts to stimulate bone formation

Pharmacology Test 4 Material (12 decks)

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