drugs that affect pituitary and hypothalamic hormones Flashcards
clinical uses of GH
- stim growth in children with GH deficiency
- correct metabolic problems in adults with GH deficiency, wasting in AIDS, possibly rx of postmenopausal osteoporosis
growth hormone (drug)
-human/recombinant (SQ qday) or depot form (IM once or twice a month)
sermoreline acetate
- synthetic GHRH analog, injectable
- pit must be able to make GH
IGF-1
-human/recombinant. used only in syndromes of GH resistance. injectable (receptors are altered)
SE of GH therapy
adults mostly: peripheral edema, carpal tunnel syndrome, impaired glucose tolerance, and hypothyroidism
SE of GHRH therapy
injection site reactions and h/a
octreotide
SQ or IM injection
- somatostatin agonist
- selective for the type 2 and 5 somatostatin receptors. this is important bc other subtypes of somatostating receptors are present in the pancreas and activation of these results in inhibition of glucagon, insulin, gastrin release. inhibit GH release
lanreotide
SQ or IM injection
- somatostatin agonist
- selective for the type 2 and 5 somatostatin receptors. this is important bc other subtypes of somatostating receptors are present in the pancreas and activation of these results in inhibition of glucagon, insulin, gastrin release. inhibit GH release
SE of octreotide, lanreotide
-nausea, flatulence, abd pain, gall stones
pegvisomant
- GH antagonist
- nine amino acid mutations of wild-type GH, covalently attached to polyethylene glycol moieties
- binds to GH receptor but does not allow for dimerization
hyperprolactinemia
-common cause of amenorrhea, galactorrhea, and female infertility and is rx with dopamine agonists
bromocriptine
-dopamine agonist (D2)
useful in the rx of hyperprolactinemia (amenorrhea, galactorrhea, and associated infertility)
cabergoline
-dopamine agonist (D2)
useful in the rx of hyperprolactinemia (amenorrhea, galactorrhea, and associated infertility)
SE of bromocriptine and cabergoline
-nausea, h/a, orthostatic hypotension
oxytocin
-modulates transmembrane ion currents in the smooth muscle of the myometrium to produce sustained uterine contractions, used to induce labor via IM or IV injections
